Tools & Supplies Master Guide – Hudson Valley MRO Reference

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• Abrasives
• Drill Bits
• Cutting Tools
• Hand Tools
• Lighting
• Welding
• Shop Supplies

Abrasives – Hudson Valley MRO Reference

Stem mounted wire wheel brushes are used for carbon cleaning, polishing, weld cleaning, scale removal, rust and paint removal, removal of rubber and plastic flash, deburring, and internal pipe cleaning. MRO mechanics in White Plains, N.Y. routinely use these brushes on portable power tools because the one-quarter-inch stem provides stable mounting and consistent control in daily service.

Stem mounted wire end brushes are available with different wire constructions depending on the application. Brushes with crimped wire are suited to light and medium duty work, while brushes with knot wire are used for heavy duty cleaning, polishing, and blending. They remove burrs, weld spatter, and similar surface deposits. These brushes are mounted on one quarter inch stems and are designed for use with portable power tools.

Knot wire cup brushes are used for heavy duty cleaning, roughening, and deburring of large metal surfaces. They are applied in tasks involving removal of corrosion, paint, and rust from large areas and provide high impact cutting action in severe service conditions. Standard versions use a single row of knot wire, although some variants incorporate a double row of knot wire.

Knot wire wheels are intended for high impact, heavy duty cleaning in severe applications, including weld cleaning and removal of rubber and plastic flash.

Epoxy encapsulated wire wheels have wire tips that are fixed and supported within an epoxy material. This construction produces a more aggressive brushing action and extends service life. They are used for heavy duty work, including removal of material from gears, weld scale, rust, and deposits in narrow or confined areas.

Crimped wire cup brushes are used for light and medium duty cleaning, scale removal, and deburring on large metal surfaces. Typical applications include removal of weld scale, rust, paint, and corrosion.

Crimped wire wheels are used for cleaning rust, scale, and dirt, as well as for deburring, edge blending, rough surface preparation, and finishing in light and medium duty work.

Wire scratch brushes are available in various sizes and configurations, although detailed descriptive information is not provided here.

Arbor adapters are used to reduce the arbor hole size of wire wheels that have a two inch arbor hole.

Threaded drive arbors are used to adapt wire wheels with one half inch and five eighths inch mounting to portable power tools. A common configuration has a one half inch diameter with a one quarter inch shank.

Power tube brushes are used for cleaning areas that are difficult to access. Typical applications include deburring, cleaning of drilled holes and internal threads, cleaning the internal diameters of pipe and tubing, and removing carbon, rust, and scale. These brushes can be used with portable tools, lathes, and hand tools.

Miniature brushes are intended for light deburring and cleaning in confined or hard to reach areas. They are designed for use with high speed portable tools and flexible shaft tools. Cup, end, and wheel versions are manufactured with a solid ring construction, in which each individual filament is encased in a separate steel ring that restricts the filament and anchors it permanently.

Condenser tube brushes are made with stainless steel in a single spiral, double stem configuration.

Tube fitting brushes use stainless steel wire and are manufactured in a double spiral, single stem design for use with various types of pipe fittings. The handle typically includes a hole that allows for convenient storage.

Small angle grinder brushes are used for roughing, deburring, cleaning, rust and paint removal, surface preparation, and finishing. They are produced with permanently knotted, fixed wire and a solid ring construction to maintain filament position. The hub is generally constructed from steel.

Trimable fiber backing flap discs of type 29 are designed so that, as the abrasive surface wears, the fiber backing can be trimmed away to expose additional abrasive material. In typical use, the backing can be trimmed up to five times. This configuration is intended for extended service life and for applications where weld removal and surface finishing are performed in a single operation. The fiber backing contributes additional rigidity to the disc during use.

High performance flap discs of type 29 are configured for relatively rapid material removal while providing a surface finish comparable to that produced by a 60 grit abrasive. These discs are intended to reduce the number of process steps required for grinding and finishing. 

Their design allows airflow around the workpiece, which can assist in controlling temperature during grinding. They are used for applications that require high removal rates per unit time, including work on stainless steel, weld blending, and edge breaking.

Zirconium flap discs of type 27 are generally used on flat or gently contoured surfaces. Typical applications include surface blending, deburring, weld grinding, metal stock removal, aluminum finishing, and decorative or precision work on stainless steel. They are also used for certain woodworking and plastic finishing operations.

Angled faced flap discs of type 29 with aluminum backing plates are designed to provide increased mass compared to similar discs with fiberglass backing plates. In typical configurations, the aluminum backing plate provides more than eighty percent greater weight than a comparable fiberglass plate.

Jumbo density angled faced flap discs of type 29 are also designed to provide more than eighty percent greater weight than comparable discs that use a fiberglass backing plate. This increased mass can influence grinding behavior and contact pressure at the work surface.

Non scratching fiberglass flap discs of type 29 are used primarily for blending and finishing on contoured surfaces. They are commonly applied in the fabrication of stainless steel vessels and pipe or tube assemblies, as well as in general stainless steel fabrication tasks. Their construction provides flexible abrasive flaps that conform to surface contours, which assists in producing uniform finishes on irregular geometries. Service life is typically longer than that of conventional resin fiber discs in similar applications.

Mini zirconium flap discs are used for a range of operations, including polishing, finishing, chamfering, deburring, grinding, stock and weld removal, weld preparation, edge rounding, and cleaning. These tools are designed to grind and finish in a single operation. The overlapping flap construction enables relatively aggressive grinding, while coarser grits support rapid material removal. The same construction can also reduce glazing and loading during use. 

The small disc diameters permit access to complex workpieces and internal surfaces. In many applications, service life is significantly longer than that of cloth sanding discs, sometimes by a factor of approximately ten. Typical work materials include stainless steel, cast iron, chromium containing alloys, nonferrous metals, titanium, nickel based materials, aluminum, copper, zinc, wood, and plastics. These discs are used with straight or angled grinders and with electric power tools across multiple industrial and maintenance environments.

Mini flap discs with zirconium coated abrasive are used on contoured and hard to reach surfaces where localized grinding and finishing are required.

Mounted flap wheels are used to produce uniform finishes on steel, aluminum, wood, plastic, acrylic, stainless steel, and fiberglass. They are suitable for contoured surfaces and for finishing deep holes. Their construction is intended to provide stable running characteristics and extended wear. The abrasive material is typically an aluminum oxide resin bond cloth formulated to reduce loading during operation.

Silicon carbide screen cloth dispenser rolls are supplied for use with a dispenser system that presents the abrasive material in a controlled, pop up format intended to simplify handling and preparation.

Emery cloth rolls are used for general purpose sanding of metal surfaces. They are suited to quick removal of rust when used in dry conditions only. The rolls can be torn into strips of any desired length to fit specific applications. The abrasive material is aluminum oxide, which allows for controlled material removal and facilitates subsequent cleaning of the worked surface.

Emery cloth utility rolls are used for deburring, cleaning, rust removal, and smoothing of rough areas on metal components. They are intended for dry use only and employ aluminum oxide as the abrasive material to provide consistent performance over extended use.

Crocus cloth sheets are used for fine polishing and finishing of machined surfaces. They incorporate a very fine crocus abrasive and may be used either dry or with oil as a lubricant, depending on the requirements of the surface finish and the workpiece material.

Sanding sheets are used for shaping and finishing plastic filler and for feather edging in applications where relatively low sanding aggressiveness is required. Their open coat construction reduces loading during use. The abrasive consists of aluminum oxide applied to a paper backing.

Wet or dry sanding sheets are used for surface sanding, feather edging, and removal of old finishes. They can be used for wet sanding with water, and the paper backing is waterproof to support this method. The abrasive layer is composed of silicon carbide. The sheets are designed to remain flexible while maintaining consistent cutting performance.

Abrasive discs supplied in roll form are used with a range of disc pads that employ pressure sensitive backing systems. These discs are intended for general abrasive applications involving both material removal and surface preparation.

Plumbers rolls are used to clean copper tubing and fittings. One type consists of a cleaning cloth roll in which silicon carbide and aluminum oxide abrasives are bonded to a cloth backing for increased durability. This construction is intended to allow relatively rapid surface cleaning. Another associated product is a disposable towel supplied as a three ply roll packaged in a dispenser box.

Mesh cloth rolls used for similar applications are manufactured with a fully waterproof construction. Silicon carbide is applied to both sides of the mesh to provide a persistent cutting action. The roll is pre cut to specific lengths and mounted on a plastic reel with an integrated dispenser. The material is washable and can be reused by rinsing in water or under a tap. It is typically supplied in a dispenser box.

Abrasive disc rolls with a pressure sensitive backing are used for applications requiring aluminum oxide abrasives in disc form. The pressure sensitive adhesive allows rapid attachment to and removal from disc pads. These discs are provided in continuous roll format for convenient dispensing and use.

A disc pad is designed for use with compatible adhesive backed abrasive discs that allow easy disc attachment and removal. The pad is balanced and constructed to limit heat build up during operation. The maximum recommended rotational speed is 7000 revolutions per minute.

Sanding sheets are available in several types. One type is an open coat production paper sheet intended for dry sanding by machine or by hand. It is used for sanding plastic filler, including shaping, finishing, and feather edging operations. The abrasive material on these sheets is aluminum oxide in a regular grit range. Another type is a wet or dry sanding sheet that uses silicon carbide as the abrasive and is typically used for sanding primer surfacing.

An anti clogging sanding disc is designed for use with random orbital sanders. It incorporates a multiple hole pattern to increase dust extraction efficiency during sanding. The disc is suitable for work on materials such as automotive body panels, fiberglass, marine substrates, plastics, steel, and gel coats. It is used for finishing and smoothing bare surfaces and can be applied in both stationary and mobile work environments.

Sanding sheets of this type can be used wet or dry for sanding old finishes, fine feather edging, and general surface sanding. The sheets are designed to remain flexible during use while maintaining a consistent cutting action. They are used on various disc machines for removing old finishes, refining feather edged areas, and sanding primer surfaces. The abrasive is aluminum oxide applied to a fiber backing.

Bolt on fast cut grinding discs have a closed coat abrasive structure that helps resist loading and glazing during use. They are intended for grinding and finishing operations on metals and plastics, including the removal of old paint and blending of surfaces. The maximum safe operating speed is 5000 revolutions per minute.

Spiral bands are used for grinding, blending, stock removal, deburring, finishing, polishing, shaping, and smoothing on both flat and contoured surfaces, particularly in areas that are difficult to access. An inner cloth liner is bonded to the band to increase durability and reduce slippage during operation. The construction is intended to limit loading and reduce the formation of lap marks, while providing a uniform and smooth finish. 

The abrasive is aluminum oxide on an x weight cloth backing. These bands are commonly used on portable drills, die grinders, straight shaft tools, and angle grinders, and are designed to provide stable, low chatter operation in production, toolroom, maintenance, and automotive settings.

Solid rubber drums are used in combination with spiral bands for various sanding and grinding applications. They are balanced to support stable operation at typical tool speeds and are designed to provide controlled expansion during use. 

The drums have a convex face made of live rubber with a hardness of 60 durometer and are mounted on a shaft with a diameter of one quarter inch. A tapered screw rod expands the rubber during tightening, which secures the spiral band in place and provides a close fit between the band and the drum.

Brake rotor surfacing discs are used to produce a non directional scratch pattern on brake rotors as a final step after the rotors have been turned. They may be used while the rotor is either on or off a brake lathe. The discs are compatible with standard backup pads with a diameter of three inches, which can be attached to drills or air tools with a one quarter inch shank. A fine grit size, such as P120, is typically used for conditioning rotor surfaces.

Fiber discs are employed for grinding and blending operations. They use aluminum oxide grain as the abrasive material and are intended for general purpose applications. The discs have a closed coat structure to support relatively high material removal rates while maintaining consistent surface finish quality.

Solid rubber drums are used with spiral bands and are balanced for stable operation. They are designed for controlled expansion and have a convex face composed of live rubber with a hardness of 60 durometer. The shaft diameter is 1/4 inch. A tapered screw rod expands the rubber and secures the bands in place to provide a snug fit.

Brake rotor surfacing discs with quick-change attachment are used to produce a non directional scratch pattern as the final step after turning brake rotors. They are designed to reduce brake noise associated with rotor surface irregularities. The abrasive compound provides relatively long service life and produces fast, consistent cutting action. 

These discs may be used while the brake rotor is either on or off the brake lathe. They fit a standard 3 inch backup pad that attaches to any 1/4 inch drill or air tool. A P120 fine grit version is suited for conditioning brake rotors.

Fiber discs are used for grinding and blending operations. They typically employ an aluminum oxide abrasive grain and are intended for general purpose use. The closed coat structure is designed to promote high material removal rates and to provide improved surface finishing.

Cartridge rolls are used with portable drills, die grinders, straight shaft grinders, and angle grinders. They are manufactured from aluminum oxide abrasive on resin bond cloth. The multi layer coiled construction is designed so that new abrasive is exposed as each layer wears. The maximum operating speed is 20,000 revolutions per minute. 

The coiled design prevents loose ends during use. These rolls are commonly applied in areas that are difficult to access, and in general finishing operations. Typical applications include work on irregular contours, internal surfaces such as the inside diameter of tubing, as well as deburring, blending, removal of tool marks, and removal of flash.

Grinding discs for edge work and surface preparation are used for tasks such as preparing welded and brazed joints, removing paint, body filler, rust, and corrosion, as well as for deburring and polishing. Some disc types incorporate a self trimming design that continually presents a fresh cutting edge during use. The abrasive is usually a tough aluminum oxide grain, resin bonded to a heavy duty polymer backing. 

These discs are lightweight to reduce load on power tools. A typical design includes an arbor hole of 1/4 inch and a thickness of 1/8 inch. They are used with high speed pneumatic tools, electric drills, buffers, and low speed electric drills. Suitable workpiece materials include wood, plastic, fiberglass, glass, stone, painted surfaces, welds, ferrous metals, and composites. Smaller disc sizes may be used with rubber pads and mandrels to reach offset or restricted areas. These discs usually mount directly without the need for threaded spin on or spin off hubs.

Quick change fiber backed ceramic discs are used for edge grinding, blending, stock removal, weld work, deburring, and removal of rust and corrosion. They are manufactured with a self sharpening ceramic abrasive grain, intended to provide longer life and higher performance compared with standard aluminum oxide or zirconia abrasives. The discs use a heavy duty vulcanized fiber backing for mechanical strength. 

A threaded quick change attachment provides extended service life compared with conventional cloth backed discs and allows rapid disc replacement. A commonly used male fastening system permits quick attachment and removal of the disc from the backing pad.

Disc holder pads with quick change attachment are designed to support small abrasive discs. The molded construction is intended to provide durability during extended use. The pad structure permits airflow around the abrasive disc to assist with cooling and to limit heat buildup, which can contribute to longer disc service life. 

The holder is manufactured to be balanced for use with minimal vibration. These pads are compatible with quick change style discs that use a male Type R fastening system. An adaptor is available to allow the same abrasive discs to be used on threaded spindles with a 5/8 inch thread size.

Mini grinding discs with twist lock style attachment are used for edge grinding and for surface preparation around welds and brazed joints. They are also applied to tasks such as removal of paint, body filler, rust, and corrosion, as well as deburring and polishing. The discs are produced using non carcinogenic bonding agents. 

Resin fiber based discs typically provide longer life than comparable cloth backed discs. They are used for quick cleaning and light stock removal while maintaining flexibility for work on contoured surfaces. The design supports self sharpening action and efficient grinding. The non woven backing is formulated to tolerate gradual breakdown while maintaining performance. 

The combination of fiber and backing is intended to extend disc life. Discs with a grit size of 120 are used for heavier material removal, while grit sizes of 36 and 54 are used for cleaning welds. They are suitable for use on stainless steel and nickel alloys. In many applications, they provide longer life than cloth backed discs constructed with multiple plies.

Quick change grinding discs are used for rapid removal of surface imperfections, rust, scale, and excess weld material, particularly in tight or restricted areas. They incorporate a reusable plastic fastening system that allows fast disc changes. These discs are compatible with standard angle grinders. 

The fastening mechanism typically requires a one half turn to engage or disengage the disc. The discs are produced in multiple sizes and abrasive grades to suit different applications. They can also be used with twist lock style disc holders where the attachment systems are compatible.

Mini depressed center grinding wheels of Type 27 are used in automotive parts manufacturing, sheet metal processing and repair, light bodywork, tool repair, ornamental iron work, and for cleaning and detailing rough die cast components. They are applied in both light and heavy stock removal operations.

These wheels are compact and relatively lightweight, which facilitates use in precision finishing areas and confined spaces. They are manufactured with an advanced abrasive grain blend that is formulated to promote smooth grinding behavior. This grain composition is intended to provide consistent cutting performance throughout the life of the wheel and to maintain a stable feel during use.

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Type 27 depressed center grinding wheels are used for beveling, weld grinding, and edge grinding. They are manufactured with a special aluminum oxide abrasive grain and are reinforced with external fiberglass layers and liners to provide structural support during operation. These wheels are designed for use on right angle grinders and are commonly applied in general metalworking tasks where material removal is required.

Some grinding wheels are intended for general purpose grinding where metal needs to be removed in a controlled manner. Others are designed for combined grinding and cutting applications, including light pipeline grinding and cutting in a single operation. These combination wheels are frequently used in pipeline work in the oil and gas industry, where both cutting and light grinding may be required in the same process.

A reusable adapter is available that fits both Type 27 and Type 1 wheels with a 7/8 inch arbor hole. This adapter allows the same mounting hardware to be used across different wheel types.

Diamond cut off and grinding wheels are used for grinding, deburring, surface preparation, and cutting. They are intended to provide higher cutting speeds compared with regular bonded abrasive grinding wheels, and they typically generate lower noise levels and reduced dust and debris. Their thin profile and design can facilitate access to areas that are difficult to reach with conventional wheels.

Type 27 depressed center diamond grinding wheels use a manufacturing method that bonds a high concentration of diamond particles to a steel substrate for grinding metallic materials. The diamond abrasive is selected to withstand heavy duty industrial use and to maintain cutting ability over an extended period. These wheels are designed to reduce wheel wear compared with conventional bonded abrasive discs and to limit issues such as abrasive loading in the tool drive mechanism. 

The construction is intended to lower the likelihood of breakage, cracking, or shattering, and to reduce vibration, spark generation, and odor during use. The wheels are not affected by exposure to water. Typical applications include work on general carbon steel, ductile iron, rail track, cast iron, alloy steels, stainless steel, pipeline materials, and foundry castings.

Type 27 depressed center grinding wheels for iron, steel, and stainless steel are designed to provide controlled material removal with minimal burr formation. They incorporate a high strength aluminum oxide abrasive formulation and are intended for general purpose use where extended wheel life is desired. Typical applications include pipe work, bevel grinding, edge grinding, and light grinding or cutting operations. These wheels are used on stainless steel, thick stock, aluminum, iron, and steel.

Thin Type 27 depressed center grinding wheels have a reduced thickness and are compatible with all right angle grinders designed for this wheel type. The thin profile is intended to provide longer service life relative to standard thickness wheels and to support efficient cutting performance. 

The wheels use a specialized aluminum oxide abrasive formulation and are strongly reinforced with multiple fiberglass layers to provide structural stability in a thin section. They are designed for fast cutting with limited burr formation. These discs are commonly used on 7 inch right angle grinders equipped with standard Type 27 flanges.

Heavy duty mounted grinding wheels are commonly used for weld grinding on both ferrous and nonferrous materials. They are formulated to reduce the risk of breakage and chipping during operation. These wheels are produced with aluminum oxide abrasive in a vitrified bond, which provides rigidity and dimensional stability for grinding applications.

Heavy duty grinding wheels are intended for rapid cutting and substantial stock removal. They are used on stationary grinders and should not be operated if they have been dropped or show signs of damage. Before use, the arbor holes must be checked to ensure that appropriate telescopic bushings are installed for compatibility with shaft diameters of 1/2 inch, 5/8 inch, 3/4 inch, and 1 inch.

A grinding wheel dresser is a solid, durable tool used to restore and maintain grinding wheels. It is designed to dress, clean, true, sharpen, and shape wheels that have become worn, glazed, or loaded with debris. These dressers typically use solid abrasive elements and are suitable for use on grinding wheels up to 10 inches in diameter.

Type 29 grinding wheels with a flexible design are used on curved or irregular surfaces. They are formulated for material removal on ferrous and nonferrous metals while reducing the tendency for the wheel to load with swarf. A diamond cut pattern on the face of the wheel is intended to promote high material removal rates and relatively cool grinding. In some applications, this design can allow for both grinding and finishing in a single step. Typical workpiece materials include aluminum, other nonferrous alloys, carbon steel, and stainless steel.

Type 27S grinding wheels are designed for a range of steel grinding applications. They incorporate modern abrasive grain and bonding technologies intended to provide extended wheel life and stable grinding performance. The manufacturing process emphasizes consistent structure and bond strength to support predictable wear and productive material removal across a variety of steel substrates.

Type 1 and Type 27 cut off wheels with thin cutting edges are used for straight cutting operations on various metals. They are designed to operate with relatively low heat generation and reduced cutting resistance. The wheels are heavily reinforced to provide structural support during use. Typical applications include cutting cast iron, sheet metal, stainless steel, and carbon steel.

Type 1 and Type 27 cut off wheels formulated for aluminum and other nonferrous alloys are designed to provide relatively long service life and smooth cutting. They use a specialized abrasive blend intended to limit clogging and to maintain cool cutting behavior. These wheels are used primarily on aluminum and other nonferrous metals, and in some cases may also be applied to ferrous metals where the formulation is suitable.

Type 1 cut off wheels with diamond abrasive are used as an alternative to conventional bonded abrasive cut off wheels. They incorporate a metal bond with a high concentration of diamond particles to provide extended durability and consistent cutting performance. Because the wheel diameter does not significantly decrease with use, the cutting depth remains relatively constant over the life of the wheel, which can improve control and reach in many applications. 

The wheel produces less wear related dust and odor than typical bonded abrasives, and visible sparks are primarily generated from the workpiece material. These wheels are suitable for cutting a range of metals, including steel, sheet metal, stainless steel, reinforcing bar, cast iron, aluminum, and other nonferrous metals. When cutting aluminum, appropriate cutting fluid or lubrication is recommended to reduce the risk of chip welding.

Diamond based Type 1 cutting wheels use a technology in which a high concentration of diamond is bonded to the wheel surface to support metal cutting operations. This construction is intended to provide long service life and stable cutting behavior compared with conventional abrasive wheels. Depending on the application, these diamond wheels can last significantly longer than standard bonded abrasives. 

They are suitable for cutting steel, stainless steel, cast iron, and similar materials. The design minimizes wheel wear, which can reduce the frequency of wheel changes and associated downtime. The wheels are not adversely affected by exposure to water during storage or use.

Type 1 high speed cut off wheels for iron, steel, and stainless steel are thicker than many standard thin wheels, which contributes to longer wheel life in demanding applications. The Type 1 shape is intended for quick, straight cuts. These wheels typically use a special aluminum oxide abrasive formulation and are externally reinforced with fiberglass layers to provide strength and support during high speed operation. 

A wide range of sizes is available to fit both right angle grinders and circular saws. Many versions use a thin cutting width of approximately 0.045 inch. Some wheels are supplied with or compatible with a 5/8 11 threaded adaptor for use on right angle grinders.

General purpose cut off wheels for automotive and metal fabrication work are used to cut vehicle body sheet metal, frame rails, exhaust components, clamps, rusted fasteners, fiberglass, and heavy stock. They are designed to balance cutting speed, wheel life, and cost effectiveness. Some products in this category use precision shaped abrasive grains to maintain sharp cutting points and to limit heat buildup in the workpiece, which can extend the useful life of the wheel.

Type 1 aluminum oxide metal cut off wheels are designed for cutting hardened steel and other metals. They use an aluminum oxide abrasive and are reinforced with fiberglass to provide structural support during operation. The fiberglass reinforcement contributes to longer wheel life and helps maintain cutting efficiency over time.

These wheels are used on portable electric saws and chop saws for general cutting tasks. They are commonly applied to angle iron, channel iron, heavy wall pipe, and thin wall metals. The thin wheel design is suited to fast cutting of a wide range of metal sections where an economical, multipurpose cut off solution is required.

Cut off wheels are available in multiple configurations for different tools and operating conditions. Some thin cut off wheels are formulated with a special aluminum oxide abrasive mix and are designed to cut with relatively low heat generation and reduced cutting resistance. They are constructed to remain flexible under binding or other stressful conditions and are heavily reinforced with fiberglass layers to provide structural support. 

These wheels are typically used for light duty applications, such as general metal cutting in welding operations, automotive body work, and exhaust fabrication, and are intended for use on right angle grinders.

Type 1 cut off wheels for electric and air grinders are small diameter wheels designed for a range of metal cutting applications. They often use a blend of ceramic and zirconia abrasive grains and are manufactured to be free of contaminants that could affect certain alloys. These wheels are intended to provide consistent cutting performance, durability, and sufficient flexibility for straight, clean cuts in various metals.

Type 1 cut off wheels for portable chop saws are developed for use with low horsepower machines on both ferrous and nonferrous metals. They are strongly reinforced to increase resistance to breakage and to provide stable cutting behavior during operation.

Type 1 cut off wheels for portable high speed saws are manufactured for demanding cutting applications. They are reinforced with extra heavy fiberglass to accommodate higher side load pressures that can occur during high speed cutting.

Type 1 cut off wheels for angle grinders and circular saws are designed to provide straightforward cutting of metal sections with an emphasis on efficient material separation and controlled wheel wear.

Depressed center Type 27 wheels for right angle grinders are used for cutting tasks where access is limited or where specific cutting angles are required. When used primarily on the wheel edge, the depressed center profile allows the operator to reach difficult positions and to perform cuts with minimal burr formation.

A wheel mandrel is used to mount cut off wheels, grinding wheels, wire brushes, and similar accessories to appropriate power tools. A reusable threaded adapter with a 5/8 11 thread is commonly used on right angle grinders to attach compatible wheels and accessories.

Non woven flap wheels made entirely from non woven fiber are used for metal finishing, removal of oxidation and coatings, decorative finishing on various metals, and deburring. They are constructed from non woven fiber with a resin binder. The material is waterproof, so it may be used with lubricants. 

It is designed to resist loading and overcutting, and it breaks down evenly during use, which helps provide a consistent finish. These wheels are suited to operations in which critical dimensional tolerances must not be disturbed. They are mounted on a one quarter inch mandrel and are typically used on a straight die grinder.

Interleaf flap wheels are used for metal finishing, oxidation and coating removal, decorative finishing on different metals, deburring, and weld polishing. They are constructed with alternating flaps of non woven fiber and aluminum oxide coated abrasive cloth. Compared with non woven flap wheels, they are less conformable but remove more material. 

The abrasive material breaks down evenly, which helps maintain a consistent finish. These wheels provide a blending action while also producing the final surface finish. They are mounted on a one quarter inch mandrel and are used on small straight die grinders.

Cleaning and stripping discs are intended for deburring, removing paint and rust, and conditioning metal. Typical applications include cleaning pinchwelds, weatherstrip channels, and drip moldings, as well as removing paint from small damaged areas. They can be used for rapid surface cleaning as an alternative to wire brushes or sandpaper. These wheels conform to both flat and irregular surfaces and are designed to operate without generating significant dirt or odors.

Surface preparation discs with an extended edge are designed for easy blending of sharp irregular corners, general corners, and inside radii. They are able to reach into corners and perform controlled material removal. The discs are interchangeable with compatible holder styles. By providing uniform material removal, they can reduce or eliminate additional manual finishing steps. They are intended to provide a consistent finish on both flat and irregular surfaces.

A gasket cleaning tool is used to clean hard to reach gasket surfaces. It is designed for use with a die grinder to quickly clean gasket surfaces on a variety of automotive engines. The tool is equipped with a floating guide shaft that allows the user to steer the abrasive pad along the gasket surface. The abrasive pad is replaceable and can be used in all areas the tool is designed to reach.

Surface preparation discs are used for pre paint finishing and for removing rust, oxidation, flashings, and gasket residue from engine blocks, cylinder heads, valve covers, and transmission housings.

Ceramic coated surface preparation discs are manufactured with a ceramic coated abrasive grain to provide durability, a stable cut rate, and extended service life. They typically use an open web construction that allows flexibility and supports a uniform surface finish. The abrasive particles are held within a flexible matrix of woven nylon filaments, and a reinforced scrim backing is used to reduce tearing when the disc is snagged. 

These discs are commonly applied in non stock removal tasks such as cleaning, blending, and finishing, and are suitable for use on most metals. They often incorporate a quick mount fastening system to allow rapid disc changes.

Twist lock discs use a hard nylon threaded fastener so that the disc can be attached securely and removed quickly. They are used to remove gasket residue from engine blocks, cylinder heads, valve covers, and transmission housings, and to clean automotive metals prior to painting. Typical applications include removal of rust, corrosion, oxidation, and flashings, as well as blending paint lines and finishing extruded aluminum. 

An aluminum oxide abrasive grain is used to produce a uniform scratch pattern with relatively low loading and a relatively long service life. The discs have a flexible design with a non woven backing and are intended to tolerate elevated temperatures during use. They are designed for easy mounting and rapid changeover.

Holder pads used with these discs may be manufactured with a stay cool design to increase service life relative to conventional rubber holders. A uniform density is used to maintain consistent cutting action. These pads are intended to run at lower temperatures, resist material loss such as chunking, and provide extended operational life. They are usually designed to be balanced for smooth operation and to limit heat buildup, and they incorporate molded in threads for secure mounting of the abrasive discs.

Stripping discs use a heavy duty non woven structure that combines aggressive cleaning action with the production of a relatively refined surface finish. The material typically incorporates a reinforced construction with a resin system intended to increase service life, support faster cutting, and reduce smearing. An open web design is used to limit loading and to improve durability. These discs are used to remove paint, scale, rust, and other coatings from materials such as stainless steel, carbon steel, aluminum, titanium, fiberglass, plastics, composites, wood, and stone.

Quick change stripping discs are designed to mount rapidly and to adapt to contours and irregular surfaces, which makes them suitable for tight or hard to reach areas. Their open structure helps resist loading, maintain cooler operating temperatures, and extend usable life. Typical applications include removal of weld scale, rust, and corrosion to produce a surface that is ready for subsequent coating processes. 

When used within recommended conditions, they are intended to minimize marring of workpieces and to leave a relatively uniform finish. They can be applied to assemblies that contain more than one material and are able to flex to reach irregular contours.

Right angle stripping discs are designed for use with right angle grinders and commonly incorporate a fiberglass backing to accommodate demanding work. They are suited to treatment of relatively large surface areas and to applications requiring aggressive scrubbing.

Finishing discs are used to blend surfaces, remove light coatings, reduce tool marks, and refine existing finishes. They are applied to remove oxidation, weld discoloration, and surface contamination. Their design supports reduced heat generation and resistance to loading, which helps limit discoloration on metals. By operating at relatively low temperatures, they seek to avoid warping or heat related damage while providing a comparatively long service life.

Cross buffs are used on metals such as steel, aluminum, stainless steel, and formed surfaces. They are applied to polish and clean the inside diameter of tubing, dies, molds, valve spools, and brake cylinders. Their flexible construction allows the abrasive to conform to the geometry of the part and reach areas that are difficult to access. 

Typical uses include removal of surface oxidation, rust, corrosion, and other contaminants. They can also clean around threads and flashing and are used for deburring and blending operations. Quick change arbors are often used to attach the buffs to mandrels for efficient setup.

Some assortments combine finishing discs and cross buffs in a single kit. In these cases, the finishing discs are used for general surface finishing, while the cross buffs are used for areas that are harder to reach, providing coverage for a range of geometries and access conditions.

Surface conditioning hand pads use bonded aluminum oxide grain to provide cutting, cleaning, and polishing action. They are often used as a substitute for steel wool because they do not rust, splinter, or introduce metallic contamination. 

The pads typically consist of a tough, heavy duty non woven material surrounding a paper backed abrasive. They can be used in wet or dry conditions, can be washed, and may be reused depending on wear. These pads are suitable for both hand finishing and use with compatible machines.

Non woven surface conditioning hand pads with abrasive mineral and resin are also used for cleaning and finishing metal, wood, and other materials. Their non woven design is intended to resist snagging and shredding during use. They are designed to provide a consistent finish over the life of the pad and to maintain a predictable cut rate due to the durable abrasive fibers distributed throughout the structure.

Small tool bristle discs use durable plastic bristles that sweep away gasket material and surface contamination while continuously exposing new abrasive. They are intended for high speed operation on die grinders and similar tools. The bristles are designed to avoid metal removal and to reduce the risk of gouging the workpiece. 

The construction eliminates loose wires and decreases the likelihood of bristle breakage. These discs do not require chemical stripping agents and are designed to reduce physical effort for the operator.

Medium tool bristle discs are used for coating removal, cleaning, scuffing, and burr removal. The filled bristles supply a continuous exposure of sharp abrasive to the workpiece. This structure resists loading and helps maintain a consistent surface finish. The flexible bristles conform to irregular surfaces and provide controlled edge wear. The molded construction is intended to improve durability and reduce overall operating cost.

Steel wool is used to clean tools, remove weld spatter, restore aluminum surfaces, polish and renew finishes, brighten metal, remove rust, strip paint, and prepare surfaces for subsequent finishing. It is applied in cleaning, polishing, finishing, and restoration operations across a range of materials. It is typically manufactured to controlled quality specifications and supplied in forms that support convenient use and storage.

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Drill Bits – Hudson Valley MRO Reference

Titanium nitride coated drills are designed for use in demanding industrial conditions and are suitable for hard metals, including tool steel, work-hardened stainless steel, and other difficult-to-drill materials. Maintenance technicians in Hudson, N.Y. value the titanium nitride coating because it reduces wear on the cutting surfaces and supports longer service life than uncoated high-speed steel drills.

These drills typically achieve longer service life, higher cutting speeds, and greater penetration depth than standard high speed steel drills. The coating and geometry can reduce the axial force required during drilling, which in turn lowers the power needed to complete a hole. The drills also tend to produce holes that are closer to the intended size and provide an improved surface finish. In addition, titanium nitride coated drills can be resharpened, which may extend their usable life further.

1/2 “ reduced shank drill has a point angle of 118 degrees and is designed to operate with minimal feed pressure. The shank size allows use in drills and drill presses equipped with one half inch chucks. The point geometry is intended to aid in centering on the workpiece. This type of drill is commonly used in machine shops, garages, mills, and facilities that perform heavy maintenance work.

Step drills are designed to produce multiple hole diameters with a single tool, which can reduce the need for multiple twist drills. A self starting tip limits skidding at the work surface and can remove the need for center punching. 

These drills can also enlarge existing holes without frequent bit changes and typically provide an automatic deburring action that produces smooth, round holes with consistent sizing. They can be sharpened using a standard grinding stone and are suitable for creating round holes of varying diameters in metals and plastics.

Two general styles of step drills are common. A multi hole style uses a series of cutting steps with progressively larger diameters, which allows a single drill to produce several different hole sizes. A single hole style is designed to drill holes with a fixed diameter, such as seven eighths of an inch, in confined spaces where standard length drill bits may not fit.

135° Twist drills with a self centering split point of 135 degrees are designed to start holes without the need for center punching, which can reduce wandering, especially when cutting rounded material. This point geometry can also limit work hardening at the surface of the workpiece and may provide faster engagement with the material.

These drills typically incorporate precision flutes that support rapid chip removal, reduce chip build up and chip welding, and promote cooler operation during drilling. A heavy duty construction with a robust web is intended to improve resistance to breakage and support precision drilling in thick materials. Surface treatments are often applied to add anti friction and anti weld properties to the drill material, which can further influence tool life and cutting performance.

Combined drill and countersink bits are double ended, which allows both ends to be used and can extend the usable life of the tool. The drill ends have equal diameter and incorporate a point angle of 118 degrees, which is suitable for general purpose drilling and countersinking operations.

135° Double end straight shank drill bits typically feature a self centering split point with a 135 degree angle. The double ended design provides a cutting point at each end, and the straight shank is intended to fit securely in a drill chuck without causing damage. The relatively short, or stubby, length is used to reduce the likelihood of breakage during drilling operations. These bits are commonly used for drilling sheet metal with a thickness of one quarter inch or less.

135° Extra long aircraft extension drills have an overall length of twelve inches and are equipped with a self centering split point with a 135 degree angle. This point geometry is intended to start holes without the need for a center punch and to limit wandering at the beginning of the drilling operation. The self starting split point is designed to engage the workpiece efficiently and improve positional accuracy.

Masonry drill uses a tungsten carbide tip that is designed for drilling tile, brick, granite, concrete, and similar hard wearing materials.

Hex shank drill bits are designed with a one quarter inch hex shank that allows for rapid bit changes in compatible tools. They fit cordless drills and screwdrivers that accept hex shank accessories. The bits are typically manufactured from high speed steel to support drilling in materials such as wood, metal, and plastic. The material is hardened and tempered to provide consistent performance under normal drilling conditions.

Multi purpose drill bits use a specially designed carbide tip with specific flute and heel geometry intended to penetrate a wide range of materials. They are commonly applied for installing pipe and electrical mounts, machinery mounts, heating and cooling equipment and window frames, as well as roofing components and brackets. Typical workpiece materials include concrete, stone, masonry, ceramic tile, marble, brick, granite, plastics, glass, wood, fiberglass, and plexiglass. These bits are suitable for use in both corded and cordless drills, as well as in drill presses.

135° Molybdenum steel drill bits are intended for use in hand drills and drill presses. A split point geometry is used to provide rapid penetration and accurate starting without the need for a center punch. The point angle is 135 degrees, so the flatter point produces a smaller chip and directs more torque to a smaller area, which is suitable for drilling hard materials. The shank is flatted to provide a positive grip in the chuck and to reduce the likelihood of slippage.

The point, flutes, & body are precision ground to support accurate drilling. The flute surface is nitro carburized, which increases hardness and can extend cutting life. The bits are manufactured from high molybdenum tool steel to tolerate higher drilling temperatures, and the flute, clearance, and body surfaces are treated to reduce friction and improve lubricity. 

The tools are specially heat treated and then nitro carburized, which allows their use in work hardening grades of stainless steel and other hard metal drilling applications. These bits are supplied in a mechanics length format, and shanks of three sixteenths of an inch diameter and larger typically have three flats to promote a secure chuck grip and to further limit slippage.

135° Molybdenum steel drill bits quick release style are recommended for machining hardened steels, stainless steel, and other hard metals in demanding applications. The body and clearance surfaces are treated to increase lubricity during cutting. 

These bits are designed primarily for use in hand held drills, and the quick release feature is intended to simplify changing cutting tools. The shank has a 1/4 inch mechanic length hex configuration for compatibility with appropriate chucks and quick change holders.

3/8 inch reduced shank drills have three flats on the shank to help prevent slippage between the drill and the chuck. They are supplied in a maintenance or mechanics length, which is shorter than standard jobber length and is intended to reduce the potential for breakage during use.

1/2 inch reduced shank Silver & Deming drills have three flats on the shank to limit slippage between the drill and the chuck. They incorporate a 135 degree split point tip on sizes up to three quarters of an inch in diameter. The one half inch straight shank fits most larger hand drills and allows the use of drill diameters larger than the shank size.

Left hand twist drills are designed to rotate in the opposite direction of standard drills, which can help loosen screws and provide a firm bite when used with extractors. When operated with left hand drill action, they can assist in loosening broken studs and bolts. These drills are typically made from high speed alloy steel and have a point angle of 118 degrees. They are commonly used in conjunction with screw extractors.

The flutes are polished to support efficient chip removal during drilling. The drills have a straight shank and are supplied in jobber length. They must be used with a reversible drill that is set to rotate in the correct left hand direction.

E Z reamer is used to produce new holes or to enlarge existing holes in structural components such as spring hangers, weighted bumper mountings on cranes, and the front ends of loader buckets. It is also applied for drilling truck frames, where it can reduce the time required compared to conventional drilling methods.

The tool incorporates a midline plane that is engineered to help maintain control of the drill center during operation. It is intended for use with a heavy duty drill having a one half inch or larger chuck and a motor rated at a minimum of five amps. Use with motors in the range of six to fifteen amps can provide more constant torque and more stable speed. The reamer is manufactured from a hardened alloy steel to increase tool life.

The cutting geometry is designed to enlarge holes rapidly while limiting the tendency to catch as it breaks through the material. Control before and after breakout can be maintained if the operator adheres to the recommended feed pressure. The reamer is intended to reduce the likelihood of sudden grabbing or twisting as long as operator pressure remains within the specified range, which can lower the risk of stalling or abrupt tool reaction.

HSS step reamers with three flats on the shank use a 90 degree notch point to initiate holes and guide the tool during entry. They are designed to start, enlarge, and deburr holes in material up to one half inch thick. Each reamer incorporates five discrete hole enlargement steps that allow incremental increases in diameter.

Gold oxide coated step reamers have a finish that provides low temperature stress relief, reduces friction at the cutting surfaces, and increases toughness of the tool surface layer. 

Zirconium nitride coated step reamers are intended for machining materials such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium, and various alloys, where the coating can increase lubricity and influence cutting performance.

Core drills are manufactured from high molybdenum tool steel and have a gold surface treated body to improve lubricity during cutting operations. The shank is reduced to one half inch in diameter and features three flats to reduce the risk of drill and chuck slippage. The drills incorporate a four flute design. 

The point geometry is configured to reduce skating and hogging in when used on thinner materials such as truck frames. In comparative use, these drills can provide up to ten times longer service life in truck frame drilling than standard silver and deming drills.

Rotary saw bits are used primarily for drywall cutouts. They are manufactured from high speed steel and have a parabolic triple flute geometry. Bits in the one quarter inch size are designed to fit one quarter inch chucks on standard routers. The short one quarter inch drill version has a three sixteenths inch flute length, which allows for close tolerance one quarter inch cutout holes. 

Longer one quarter inch sizes are intended for applications such as cutting around doors and windows. A three quarter inch neck version incorporates a thicker core to help reduce breakage during use. These rotary saw bits are designed to serve as an alternative to using multiple ordinary drill bits for comparable cutout tasks.

Spotweld drills are designed to cut spot welds in automotive body panels. They are manufactured from cobalt high speed steel, which provides increased abrasion resistance compared with conventional high speed steel. The spur point geometry is intended to cut through the weld in a single operation. These tools are suitable for use in reversible drills as well as in air powered drill motors.

Glass and tile drills are used to cut materials such as glass, tile, porcelain, and ceramic. They have a tool steel body and a high temperature brazed carbide spear point design intended to provide controlled cutting in these brittle materials. For typical operation, a spindle speed in the range of 300 rpm to 600 rpm is recommended.

Carbide spotweld drills are carbide tools with an aluminum titanium nitride coating intended for cutting spot welds. They are designed for use on boron steel and other high strength steel frames. In comparative applications, they can provide up to ten times longer service life than standard high speed steel spotweld tools. 

The carbide geometry is configured to limit grabbing during cutting and to reduce operator effort. These drills are commonly used in collision repair facilities that work with high strength automotive structures. A spindle speed in the range of 800 to 1,000 rpm is recommended for general use, and a reduced speed of 400 to 600 rpm is recommended for drills in the one quarter inch size.

Spade wood boring drills are designed for boring holes in wood and related materials. They have a one quarter inch shank diameter and feature extra wide flutes intended to promote fast cutting and effective chip removal. The cutting edges are precision ground to provide consistent hole geometry. These drills are available in versions with or without a pull through hole that can be used for pulling wire through drilled openings.

Cryogenic HSS heavy-duty CN-tech drills use a 135 degree split point geometry intended to provide controlled starting and reduced walking. These drills undergo a cryogenic treatment in which they are cooled to approximately minus 300 degrees Fahrenheit for about 48 hours. The process is intended to increase torsion strength and decrease the likelihood of bit shearing in demanding applications. 

As a result of the treatment, the hardness is typically increased by about 3 to 6 points on the Rockwell C scale, and the tools are designed to cut for longer periods between sharpenings while maintaining surface finish quality on the machined workpiece.

The drills are designed to serve as an alternative to cobalt drills when machining 300 and 400 series stainless steels. They are also suitable for use on alloy steel, aluminum, brass, cast iron, stainless steel, spring steel, and tool steel. In addition to the cryogenic treatment, a nitride process is applied to case harden the surface, which is intended to improve tool life and provide increased corrosion resistance.

Cobalt heavy duty drills are used for drilling holes in hard, tough materials such as stainless steel, titanium, high temperature alloys, and high strength alloys. They incorporate a 135 degree split point geometry intended to provide controlled starting and reduce walking. 

The drills are manufactured with a heavy duty construction that conforms to Type J aircraft specifications. The high red hardness of the cobalt material permits cutting speeds that are approximately thirty percent greater than those typically used with standard high speed steel drills.

Step drills with multiple cutting steps incorporate progressively larger diameters, which allows a single bit to drill up to eighteen different hole sizes. This type of tool is suitable for sheet metal work and can be used on both rigid and thin materials. Its design allows operation in tight or confined areas where space is limited. The step geometry also performs deburring during the drilling process.

Step drills are also available in a single-hole style, which allows the user to drill quarter inch or half inch diameter holes in tight or confined locations. This style is intended for use in areas where standard length drills cannot be positioned or operated effectively.

In general, step drills are used to enlarge holes in an efficient manner while producing smooth, round holes with minimal burring. The tool typically incorporates a self-starting tip, which reduces the need for separate center punching and helps prevent the bit from slipping on the work surface. This design supports consistent hole size and shape during repeated use.

Ultra drill bits designed for demanding maintenance and portable drilling functions are used with various grades of hard steel, sheet metal, brass, and acrylics. They are suitable for both creating new holes and enlarging existing holes without damaging the point geometry. The tip design is intended to reduce heat generation and cutting tool wear, so the tool runs at lower temperatures and requires less effort during cutting. 

Some versions function as reamers and are intended to provide increased lubricity during operation. These drill bits are typically made of high molybdenum tool steel. A split point design supports accurate starting and self-centering, which removes the need for center punching in many applications. 

The flutes, points, and body are usually precision ground to support dimensional accuracy. Shanks with three flats on diameters of three sixteenths of an inch and larger provide positive chuck gripping and help minimize slippage. A shorter mechanics length configuration is used to increase stiffness and provide more stable performance.

Mechanics length ultra drill bits have a shorter and more rigid construction compared to standard jobber length designs. On sizes with shank diameters of three sixteenths of an inch and larger, three flats are provided on the shank to improve chuck grip and further reduce the likelihood of slippage.

Ultra drill bits & reamers manufactured from high molybdenum tool steel are also used for demanding maintenance drilling tasks. They are intended for use in various grades of hard steel, sheet metal, brass, and acrylic materials, where both drilling and hole finishing operations may be required.

Ultra reamers in this group are used to enlarge, straighten, and size previously drilled holes. They are specifically intended for reaming structural steel components such as those found in truck frames, rail cars, bridges, and press fit assemblies, where precise hole geometry and alignment are important.

Molybdenum step drill bits with a quick release style are typically made from M2 tool steel with a gold oxide coating. They are used on thin metals, rigid plastics, wood, and composite materials with a workpiece thickness that is equal to or less than the step thickness of the tool. A quick release shank is provided to facilitate rapid changing of cutting tools in compatible chucks or tool holders.

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Cutting Tools – Hudson Valley MRO Reference

Alloy taps are heat treated and tempered to produce clean, accurate threads and to extend tool life. Shop foremen in Catskill, N.Y. rely on these carbon-tool-steel taps with hard chrome finishes because the rust-resistant surface maintains accuracy in daily service. The taps are produced with right-hand threads in both USS and SAE series, each permanently marked with the correct drill size, and are commonly offered as plug taps, taper taps, and bottoming taps.

Ultra-cut taps are manufactured from high speed M7 steel and are subjected to triple heat treatment. They incorporate an oil-less coating that is intended to provide a smooth surface finish and improved lubricity during tapping operations. 

These taps are designed for use with aluminum, mild steels, brass, copper, zinc, and magnesium alloys. A fluteless design is used to increase tool strength and to promote effective evacuation of material from the forming zone. The threads are precision ground to support accurate and consistent thread geometry.

Plug taps usually have three threads chamfered and are used as general purpose tools. They are typically selected for tapping the majority of holes of medium depth.

Taper taps usually have between seven and ten threads chamfered to provide easier starting in harder materials. They are commonly used for tapping through holes.

Bottoming taps typically have a chamfer of one to two threads. They are used for tapping to the bottom of blind holes, usually after the initial threading has been started with a taper tap or a plug tap.

High speed steel taps for machine screw and fractional sizes are typically manufactured in plug style and use triple heat treated M7 steel. The surface is often treated with a gold finish to improve lubricity during tapping operations.

For sizes from 4-40 through 5/8-18, the taps commonly have three flutes. For sizes from 3/4-10 through 1-1/2-12, four flutes are used, with flute counts of three, four, five, or six varying by specific size. Six flutes are used on sizes 1-3/8-12 and 1-1/2-12. Sets usually contain one plug tap, one taper tap, and one bottoming tap.

High speed steel spiral point taps incorporate a spiral point that directs chips ahead of the tap, which allows operation at higher speeds and supports faster cutting with reduced torque. The threads are precision ground to promote accurate and consistent thread formation.

High speed steel hex dies are manufactured from triple heat treated M7 steel. The threads are precision ground to support consistent and accurate thread formation. The dies have a gold surface treatment that is intended to improve lubricity during threading operations.

Combination drill-tap tools use high speed steel to perform drilling and tapping in a single operation. This configuration is intended to reduce the likelihood of oversized or inaccurate holes that can result from using an incorrect drill size. The reduced shank is designed to minimize breakage due to overrun during operation. The process requires only one setup and produces tapped holes through a two-stage drilling and tapping sequence.

Pipe thread taps have ground threads and are manufactured from carbon tool steel. They are used to cut internal threads in pipes and are typically selected where a very tight fit is required. The appropriate drill size is permanently marked on each tap.

Tap and reamer wrenches are used to hold and turn taps or reamers. They are constructed with hardened and heat treated steel jaws and are designed to be adjusted by turning the handles to accommodate different tool sizes.

Die stock is used to hold threading dies during external threading operations. It commonly incorporates a three jaw, self-centering adjustable guide to help maintain straight threads and to support controlled handling during use.

Tap socket sets are used in locations where a T handle tap wrench cannot be used because of limited space. The sockets are sized to fit number and fractional standard taps up to one half inch. They are also compatible with NPT taps from one eighth inch through one half inch and with metric taps up to 12 millimeters.

Universal thread repair tools for combination internal and external use are intended for restoring damaged threads in applications such as plumbing, construction, agricultural equipment, and automotive repair. These tools are designed to adjust automatically to different thread diameters and pitches, so prior measurement of the threads is not required. They can be used on both left hand and right hand threads and are suitable for inch and metric thread forms.

Extractor tools are supplied as a set of five assorted screw extractors intended for removing screws or bolts ranging in size from three sixteenths of an inch to three quarters of an inch. Each extractor is permanently marked with the suggested drill size for its use.

Oil drain pan rethreading kits contain cutting taps intended for repairing damaged drain pan threads.

Bolt cleaning tools are used to clean and restore bolt threads for reuse. The tool can be hand held, attached to a handle, or mounted on a bench grinder, depending on the application. It incorporates high carbon steel thread chasers that are heat treated to defined hardness and wear characteristics. 

The design is intended to reduce the risk of cross threading and to avoid damage to existing threads while minimizing the need for separate cleaning methods such as solvents, wire brushes, or grinding wheels.

Master rethreading sets are used to feed and dress existing threads on nuts, bolts, lug studs, disc brake studs, and other threaded components. The process cleans the threads and restores their original profile without removing base material. No dies in specific CO2 close sizes or separate files are required, and the tools can be used on both nuts and bolts. The method is suitable for use on components with hardened threads.

External bolt rethreading tools are adjustable devices used to restore damaged external threads on bolts and similar fasteners. The tool can be set to accommodate various diameters and is suitable for both metric and standard thread forms. It can be used on left hand and right hand threads. 

The compact configuration allows use in confined areas, and the design enables uniform rethreading along the full length of the threaded portion without requiring removal of the bolt or nut from the assembly. These tools can be applied to bolts made from a range of metals.

Internal thread restorers are adjustable tools used to repair damaged internal threads within a defined size range. They can be set to different diameters and pitches and are suitable for inch and metric threads, right hand and left hand threads, and both fine and coarse pitches. 

In operation, the tool can be inserted below the first damaged grooves and brought into contact with intact thread surfaces, then worked in a downward direction toward the bottom of the threaded hole. The blade is made of high speed steel with a hardness of approximately 62 Rockwell C, and it follows the existing undamaged thread profile to re-groove and restore the damaged section.

Bolt and screw extractors are made from hardened, shock resistant tool steel and are designed to remove damaged fasteners with either left hand or right hand threads. The cutting geometry allows the tool to cut straight into bolts, which reduces wedging during extraction. Sets typically include five sizes that cover removal of bolts and screws ranging from one quarter inch to five eighths of an inch in diameter.

Extractors with double edge engagement are designed to increase contact with the fastener and reduce slippage during use. They can be applied to both right hand and left hand threaded fasteners. The flutes are tapered from clockwise to counterclockwise to assist in gripping and turning the damaged component. A magnetic head is provided to assist in lifting or retaining the fastener once it is loosened. 

These extractors commonly use three heavy duty flutes and can be driven with an adjustable box wrench, socket wrench, or power driver. Each head has cutting edges on both sides and is configured to avoid contact with the original thread surfaces when properly used.

To use these extractors, the operator first selects an appropriate size by placing the tool over the damaged bolt or stripped screw. The extractor is then driven onto the fastener with a hammer to ensure engagement. 

Using a drill, machine, or speed wrench, the operator turns the extractor so that, for right hand fasteners, the extractor rotates counterclockwise to back out the bolt or screw. Once the fastener is lodged firmly in the extractor, it can be removed from the workpiece. If additional torque is required, a speed bar or similar lever can be attached to increase the applied turning force.

Broken bolt remover combinations of type 420 AL consist of a left hand drill paired with a spiral style bolt and screw extractor, and are used for removing broken studs and similar fasteners.

Screw and pipe extractors made from high carbon steel in a spiral style are used to remove broken threaded parts. In typical use, a hole is drilled into the end of the broken component, the extractor is inserted into this hole, and a wrench is applied to turn the extractor counterclockwise to back out the damaged piece.

Damaged screw remover industrial series tools are designed to remove screws with damaged or rounded heads during insertion or removal. The tool is used with a hand drill and engages the head of the damaged screw so that the screw can be backed out using the drill’s rotational power. 

It is constructed from M2 tool steel and is suitable for use with Phillips, slotted, Torx, hex, one way, square drive, and similar screw head designs. The tool is reusable and is resistant to common shop contaminants such as chemicals and grime. No predrilled hole in the fastener head is required for its operation.

In typical use, the damaged screw remover is chucked into a standard three eighths inch variable speed power drill, which is then set to operate in reverse. For some applications, a standard one quarter inch quick bit holder may be used. The tip of the remover is placed at the center of the damaged screw head, and firm axial pressure is applied in line with the fastener. The drill is powered at a low rotational speed while maintaining steady pressure toward the screw so that the tool can grip and turn the fastener out of the workpiece.

Broken bolt and damaged screw remover industrial series tools combine a drill and an extractor in a single device to remove screws or bolts with damaged heads from a variety of materials. The integrated design eliminates the need to match a separate drill size to an extractor, as is required with manual extraction systems. A quick connect chuck interface allows the tool to be used with standard power drills. 

In operation, the user first drills into the fastener, then reverses the tool to engage the extraction end. Serrated edges are intended to bite into damaged screw heads and resist slipping during removal. The tool can drill into high strength fasteners such as Grade 8 and 10.9 class bolts. A self centering tip is used to help prevent walking or wandering on the fastener surface. The system is designed to address fasteners that are rusted, free spinning, or up to 4 inches in length.

These broken bolt and damaged screw remover tools are used in applications such as automotive body panel disassembly and reinstallation, furniture restoration, remodeling projects, and small engine repair, where damaged fasteners are commonly encountered.

Drill-out power extractors in industrial series form combine a drill and an extractor in a single tool for removing broken bolts, screws, and studs. The tool incorporates a self-centering feature to support accurate positioning. A left hand drill bit is used to loosen the fastener while creating a guide hole. 

A spiral flute section then engages the fastener to increase grip during removal. The tool is made from heat treated alloy and is suitable for drilling into high strength fasteners, including Grade 8 hardware. It is intended for use in a variable speed drill set to operate in reverse.

Drill-out micro power extractors are designed for the removal of corroded or oxidized small screws, such as those found in electronics, circuit boards, and eyeglass frames. They are configured to operate with relatively low torque appropriate for delicate components.

Drill-out power extractors for general use are applied to common size fasteners, including those up to Grade 8. They are intended to provide controlled drilling and extraction for small, large, and standard bolts and screws in typical maintenance and repair tasks.

Carbide burs, also referred to as rotary files, are used in maintenance operations, foundries, manufacturing, the aircraft industry, and pattern shops. They are applied to remove heavy weld deposits and excess metal, as well as to deburr, smooth, and finish workpiece surfaces. These tools can also be used to elongate holes and slots and to reach areas that are difficult to access with larger cutting tools.

Carbide burs have a service life that is substantially longer than that of comparable steel burs, which reduces the frequency of tool changes in extended operations. They are suitable for use on a wide range of materials, including both hard and soft metals and nonmetallic materials. 

A double cut design is commonly used to support rapid stock removal and allows the tool to be operated at spindle speeds that may be lower than those typically used for single cut designs. On steel workpieces, a representative operating speed for carbide burs is approximately 25,400 revolutions per minute, depending on the specific bur style and diameter.

Hacksaw blades are designed for a wide range of cutting applications and are suitable for thick or thin, hard or soft materials. A specific tooth design combines three different cutting edges in one blade: a ripper tooth, a smooth tooth, and a super tooth. These tooth patterns provide combinations of eighteen, twenty four, and thirty two teeth per inch on a single blade, which allows the user to select between using a single cutting edge or engaging all three for higher cutting efficiency, depending on the material. 

The blades are intended for use on copper tubing, brass, stainless steel, structural materials, angle iron, machinable metals, plastics, sheet metals, and similar substrates. The bi metal construction, which includes an eight percent cobalt alloy, is designed to resist heat buildup and to reduce the risk of blade fracture. This construction supports accurate cutting performance and helps the blade resist walking or slipping during use.

A low profile hacksaw frame provides approximately four inches of pipe clearance and incorporates a sloped front section to improve access in confined work spaces. The frame typically uses a one piece I beam construction with a high tension design to increase structural strength and durability. 

A contoured handle is included to improve grip and cutting control, and the frame is commonly supplied with an eighteen teeth per inch blade installed. A lower tension control feature allows adjustment of blade tension to suit different cutting tasks and operator preferences.

Close quarter hacksaw frame designs are used for cutting in overhead locations, under sinks, and in fittings where access is limited. A typical configuration is supplied with a blade that is approximately 6 inches long, 3/4 inch wide, and has 32 teeth per inch. Replacement blades of the same size are available for continued use in confined work areas.

Standard hacksaw frame designs are intended for cutting in relatively tight locations and through holes, and can be used for flush cutting operations. These frames commonly incorporate a die cast handle and a baked enamel finish to provide a durable exterior surface.

High tension hacksaw frame designs are lightweight and incorporate a lever type tension control mechanism. The frame structure is designed to store additional blades within the frame for convenient access. 

The configuration is intended to tighten compatible blades to an approximate tension of 30,000 psi to support higher cutting forces. The frame can also be used in applications similar to jab saws and compass saws. A soft front end grip is provided to assist with handling and control during cutting.

Mini hacksaw frame designs are used to cut components such as bolts, pipe, tubing, conduit, sheet metal, wire, cable, fiberboard, and plastics, particularly in locations that are difficult to access. These frames commonly include a heavy duty aluminum handle. A typical unit is supplied with a 10 inch bi metal blade, and replacement blades are available in 12 inch lengths.

Bi-Metal Hacksaw blades made from high speed bi metal steel are designed to be flexible and resistant to shattering. The bi metal alloy steel backer is spring tempered to reduce the likelihood of snapping or fracturing during use. The cutting edge consists of high speed steel, which provides a sharp edge suitable for cutting materials such as plastic and wood. 

Electron beam welding is used to fuse the high speed steel cutting edge to the alloy steel backer, creating a metallurgical bond intended to extend blade life. When selecting the appropriate tooth pitch, at least three teeth should be engaged in the workpiece during cutting in order to maintain effective performance.

Rod saw blades with a length of twelve inches are manufactured with a grit edge cutting surface. These blades are designed to cut stone, tile, fiberglass, glass, and a range of metals. The core is made from hardened tool steel, and carbide grit is bonded to the surface to form the cutting edge, allowing the blade to cut materials that are difficult to score with conventional toothed blades. 

The blade can cut in any direction along its circumference and is used for operations such as cutting tile, bolts, PVC, conduit, tubing, and metal pipe. Tough carbide chips are permanently bonded to the steel substrate to maintain the abrasive cutting surface during use.

Air saw blades are manufactured from bi metal alloy steel that is spring tempered to reduce the likelihood of snapping and shattering. The cutting edge uses high speed M2 steel, and the blade incorporates a matrix design that helps minimize heat accumulation and allows metal chips to escape, which further reduces temperature during cutting. These blades are flexible and are suitable for cutting steel and stainless steel. 

They are intended for use with reciprocating air saws and are commonly applied in automotive repair, muffler work, marine applications, fiberglass fabrication, and plastics processing. They are typically specified for quick cutting in materials up to approximately 22 gauge in thickness.

Portable bandsaw blades made from matrix high speed bi metal steel are designed for relatively fast cutting performance and long service life. An electron beam welding process is used to join the matrix high speed cutting edge to an alloy steel, shock resistant backer in order to increase durability during operation. 

The material composition includes a cobalt alloy to support demanding cutting conditions. The matrix cutting edge is formulated to resist temperatures in excess of 1000 degrees Fahrenheit. Two principal blade sizes are produced to fit the majority of portable bandsaws in common industrial use.

Carbon flexback band saw blades are fabricated from carbon steel and are available in two thickness options to accommodate different cutting requirements. These blades are rated to withstand operating temperatures up to 800 degrees Fahrenheit. They are general purpose blades frequently used for plant maintenance activities. The tooth form is a standard raker style, and the blades are suitable for cutting materials such as wood, plastics, aluminum, and mild steel.

Power scraper accessories are designed to attach to reciprocating saws and are used for removing semi tough materials in general scraping applications. Typical uses include the removal of linoleum, adhesive residues, drywall material, paint, and rubber backed carpet. These tools are manufactured from carbon steel, and they rely on the reciprocating motion and speed of the saw to remove drywall joint compound and glue. A built in cutting clearance is incorporated into the design to facilitate smoother operation during scraping tasks.

Power grout removal tools are made from carbon steel with carbide edges and tips and are intended for removing grout from ceramic tile installations. When used with a reciprocating saw, the tool can reach into corners and confined spaces to remove grout, thin set mortar, and epoxy based materials. It is also used to clean out deteriorated or contaminated grout in preparation for repair or replacement.

Jig saw and saber saw blades are bi metal blades that are designed to be flexible and resistant to shattering. These blades are compatible with a wide range of jig saw models produced by various manufacturers. They are suitable for cutting wood, plastics, aluminum, and both ferrous and nonferrous metals.

Reciprocating saw blades are manufactured with a bi metal construction that incorporates a Matrix II type alloy high speed steel cutting edge with a hardness of approximately Rockwell C 65 to 66. The teeth are formed with a precision profile to cut a range of tough materials, including wood containing embedded nails. This construction is intended to retain tooth sharpness for extended periods and to provide resistance to shattering, tooth impact, wear, and elevated temperatures.

Heavy duty reciprocating saw blades are approximately 449 percent thicker than standard blades. The increased cross section is designed to improve rigidity in demanding metal cutting applications so that the blades are less likely to whip laterally during operation. The design also reduces the likelihood of failure due to tooth chipping under heavy loads.

Demolition reciprocating saw blades are approximately 77 percent thicker than standard blades and are intended for applications such as fire and rescue work, structural demolition, and other operations that require aggressive cutting. These blades are used to cut materials including angle iron, wood with embedded nails, sheet metal, and plastics. They are produced as bi metal blades with an M2 high speed steel cutting edge to support cutting in severe conditions.

Reciprocating blades are specially designed for use with abrasive materials. These blades have a tungsten carbide edge that differs in appearance from regular bonded carbide grit blades and is intended to maintain its shape for a longer period of use. They are suitable for cutting or removing asbestos, rubber, foam, fiberglass, cast iron, clay pipe, stone, brick, plaster, and tile.

Fire and rescue reciprocating saw blades are designed for applications where controlled cutting and reduced bending are important. A wavy set helps reduce pinching during cuts, and a blade thickness of 0.062 inch provides resistance to bending. 

These blades are available in lengths of 6, 9, and 12 inches. They use bi‑metal construction to provide a durable cutting edge. The design aims to allow smooth cutting through a variety of materials with minimal vibration and lateral movement. Typical uses include fire and rescue work, demolition, and cutting non‑ferrous metals.

Triple edge reciprocating saw blades are designed to cut in either direction without requiring the saw to be turned over. They are made from bi‑metal steel to increase service life. Teeth are placed on opposing edges of the blade to enable two‑way cutting, and a rounded tip is used to help reduce kickback during operation. 

These blades can perform plunge cuts without pre‑drilling and are compatible with most reciprocating saws. The back and forth cutting capability without turning the saw is supported by a two‑pronged tang, which is intended to improve stability and control. They can be used to cut wood, sheet metal, medium density fiberboard, plastics, and steel pipe.

Reciprocating saw blades for heavy metal cutting are designed to provide extended service life and structural strength. In testing, these blades have been measured to last 45 percent longer than a leading comparison product. The blade geometry uses rounded corners and a radiused back to help extend blade life during demanding applications such as metal demolition and salvage work. 

The blades have a shatter resistant bi-metal construction that is intended to resist breakage and bending, and they are designed for relatively quick and efficient cutting of metal. Uniformly spaced teeth with added set are used to promote smooth cutting action, and quality control measures are applied to support straight and accurate cuts.

Reciprocating blades with diamond grit are designed with a straight cutting body that is 1 inch wide to support straight cuts. Industrial diamond grit is brazed to an alloy body to provide a durable cutting surface. A narrow kerf design with sharp, angular diamond grit edges is used to facilitate relatively fast cutting. Recommended materials for these blades include granite, cement board, cast iron, fiberglass, ceramic tile, architectural stone, brick, and laminate flooring.

Reciprocating saw blades for small solids and structural shapes are designed with a bi-metal construction to provide a long cutting life and resistance to heat and wear. The blades have a thin body with a thickness of 0.035 inch to allow extra flexibility in tight spaces. 

Variable tooth profiles are used to promote smooth cutting action across different cross sections. A specialized hole pattern in the blade body provides openings that help remove heat from critical work areas and assist with chip evacuation during cutting.

Renovator reciprocating saw blades are designed for heavy duty demolition and remodeling applications. These blades cut through wood and metals with the intent of minimizing frayed or jagged cut edges, which can reduce the need for additional finishing. 

A bi-metal construction is used to provide long cutting life and resistance to heat and wear. Blades with a thickness of 0.062 inch provide increased rigidity for more stable cutting in wider cuts, and wider blades are used to increase beam strength. 

A tapered back is included to increase flexibility in tight spaces. The teeth have a specific angled profile that is intended to make cutting easier and to allow for chip removal, which can increase blade life. Each blade design incorporates a high impact resistant tooth set and is intended to produce relatively smooth cutting and surface finish.

Salvage reciprocating saw blades are intended primarily for automotive reclamation and recycling, although they may also be used for other automotive modification or repair cutting tasks. These blades use a bi-metal construction to provide extended cutting life and resistance to heat and wear. A thin body with a thickness of 0.035 inch provides additional flexibility in tight spaces. The teeth have a specific profile that is designed to produce smooth cutting action and increased tooth life. A tapered back design is included to provide the flexibility needed to reach difficult areas. A needle tooth profile is used to further support smooth cutting and extended tooth life.

PVC/ABS plastic pipe hand saws and blades are intended for cutting plastic pipe, wood, and wallboard. The saw body is made of ABS material and is equipped with a replaceable steel blade. The blade is hardened and tempered to extend service life. The handle is molded as a single piece to provide a stable gripping surface, and the overall tool is designed to be relatively lightweight and easy to handle.

Tri-fold hand saws are designed to cut drywall, plaster, wood, and metal. Each saw holds three blades, typically a flush cut blade, a medium blade, and a fine blade. A multi-purpose button flips the handle open and locks it in place for safety during use. The compact fold-away design opens to form a full size hacksaw configuration. The tool is supplied with one general purpose blade.

Diamond cutter blades use a brazing compound in combination with high grade diamonds to extend blade life. They are intended for rigorous and continuous metal cutting. In comparative testing, these blades have been reported to last up to 70 times longer than certain conventional alternatives. 

Typical applications include cutting carbon and mild steel, angle iron, cast iron, rebar, ductile iron, masonry, metal plate, PVC, non-ferrous metals, pipe, tubing, metal studs, sheet metal, and stainless steel. These blades are designed for use on high speed gas cut off saws.

Chop saw blades with diamond cutting surfaces incorporate a high concentration of diamonds that are bonded to a steel core. In comparative use, they have been reported to provide cutting life up to 60 times longer than some conventional blades. They are intended for cutting a range of materials, including flat stock, angle, structural steel, and non-ferrous materials. The extended life and reduced need for blade changes are intended to improve overall cutting efficiency. These blades are designed for use on low speed chop saws.

Metal cutting circular saw blades are designed to cut high grade metals using a specific combination of metallurgy, tooth geometry, and cooling and finishing lubrication. These blades operate at lower temperatures than abrasive blades and are intended to reduce friction during cutting.

In use, these blades cut materials such as steel, iron, and aluminum with relatively low friction and drag. They are designed to produce consistent cuts with fewer sparks and without creating a heat affected zone in the workpiece. In laboratory testing, one of these blades cut through a steel plate measuring 7/16 inch by 4 inch in less than 12 seconds and produced a smooth, machined type edge.

The carbide tips and hardened saw plate are combined with a specific tooth design and controlled manufacturing processes to provide stable cutting performance. The overall construction is intended to maintain blade stability during operation and to reduce vibration.

Construction series circular saw blades feature precision ground teeth intended to produce smooth and accurate cuts. A corrosion resistant coating is applied to help protect the blade surface and extend service life. These blades are suitable for framing, roofing, decking, and general purpose wood cutting applications.

Carbide tipped hole cutter sets incorporate a 3 flatted shank to provide secure engagement in keyless chucks. The cutters use a 135 degree split point to aid in centering and to initiate cutting. In comparative use, they are reported to cut faster than bi-metal hole saws and to produce relatively quick, clean holes, including in curved and interrupted surfaces.

Carbide tipped type CHC-AG hole cutters are designed for cutting materials up to 3/16 inch in thickness.

Deephole carbide tipped type CHD-AG hole cutters are designed for cutting materials up to 1 inch in thickness.

Carbide tipped hole cutter extensions are supplied with an allen wrench and are intended for use with type CHC-AG and type CHD-AG hole cutters.

Hole cutters are used in body shops, frame straightening operations, rustproofing, and undercoating work to produce holes in steel, sheet metal, wood, and plastic. A spring loaded pilot guide in the arbor eliminates the need for predrilling. The cutters are designed to reduce chip clogging during operation. 

They are heavy duty hole cutting tools that incorporate a step tooth design intended to extend cutter life. In comparative use, they have been reported to cut up to three times faster and last up to ten times longer than twist drills. They operate without requiring a pilot hole, slug ejection, or additional cleaning of clogged teeth.

For heavy duty applications, these cutters are suitable for sheet metal and other materials up to 1/4 inch thick. Arbors with a pilot pin are used to eliminate predrilling, and arbors with a skip proof pilot are intended to reduce cutter skipping at the start of the cut. Pilots are designed to provide long service life and relatively fast cutting. 

The tools are commonly used by professional electricians, mechanics, and refrigeration contractors for cutting stainless steel, mild steel, fiberglass, and plastics. The design supports heat dissipation, and a top lock feature allows quick pilot extraction. Springs are used to eject slugs to facilitate faster repetitive drilling, and a safety collar stop helps prevent over drilling. General purpose kits incorporating these components are intended for one handed operation and are supplied in a sturdy case.

Quick release carbide tipped hole cutters are designed to cut steel plate, iron, aluminum, copper, cast iron, stainless steel, fiberglass, and plastics. The carbide tips and body design are intended to provide long cutter life and relatively fast cutting performance. These tools are portable and are commonly used by professional electricians, mechanics, contractors, and refrigeration technicians. 

They are designed to perform effectively on stainless steel and sheet metal and to dissipate heat during cutting. A top lock mechanism allows quick pilot extraction, and the cutters eject slugs to support repetitive drilling operations. A safety collar stop is included to help prevent over drilling. The quick release shank has a 1/4 inch diameter hex configuration. Typical uses include automobile and truck body repair, installation of junction and switch boxes, fabrication or modification of metal duct and HVAC components, and similar tasks.

Multi-material carbide tipped hole saws are intended for rough-in drilling in clean wood, nail embedded wood, concrete block, fiber cement, and brick. They use large carbide elements and an aggressive tooth design to cut through these materials in construction and installation applications. 

The carbide teeth are brazed to the cutting edge to improve durability and to help reduce tooth loss when the tool encounters nails or abrasive substrates. The tooth geometry and carbide selection are optimized to permit cutting through a range of common building materials.

Multi-material hole saw arbors and pilot bits are supplied as combined assemblies that include both the arbor and the pilot bit for use with compatible multi-material hole saws.

Multi-material carbide tipped hole saw kits consist of assortments of these hole saws and related accessories. No additional product level technical information is provided beyond the kit designation.

Bi-metal hole saws incorporate a thin kerf design, enhanced tooth geometry, and a specialized coating. The teeth are intended to maintain sharpness over extended use to support relatively smooth cutting. Some versions use a slot configuration with a staircase form to facilitate plug removal, allowing plugs to be ejected with a standard screwdriver. These design elements are intended to support efficient cutting and straightforward waste removal during operation.

Flat bastard files are used for working on steel, sheet iron, and similar metals. The file has a double cut pattern on its sides and a single cut pattern on its edges, which supports controlled material removal. It is shaped with a taper in both width and thickness, which allows access to different surface areas and improves handling on various workpieces. This type of file is typically applied to plain surfaces where relatively rapid stock removal is required, while still maintaining a predictable finish.

Three square files are used for working on internal angles and corners. They have a triangular cross section and are usually single cut on the faces and on the edge of the triangular shape. Some designs include a double cut pattern combined with sharp edges, which makes them suitable for cleaning and refining precise angular features. Their geometry allows them to reach into recesses and narrow spaces that are not accessible to rectangular files.

Round chain saw files are used for filing round gullets on saws. When properly applied, they leave a smooth cutting edge on the chain. These files are typically parallel in shape along their length, which provides consistent contact with the gullet profile and supports uniform sharpening results.

File and rasp sets typically contain five files with an overall length of 12-5/16 inches including the handle. Such sets commonly include flat, round, half round, square, and threesome file types. The files are individually hardened to a hardness of 64 HRC, which increases wear resistance during use. 

They are milled to promote relatively rapid filing and are intended to function reliably under normal workshop conditions. These tools are suitable for use on a range of materials, including metal, plastics, wood, and leather. Typical applications include general work in homes, workshops, and garages, as well as maintenance tasks involving items such as scissors and mower blades.

Mill files are used for sharpening mill saws, circular saws, axes, hoes, spades, knives, and for finishing metal surfaces. They have a single cut on both the sides and the edges, which provides a controlled cutting action. They are available in different degrees of coarseness, including smooth and bastard cuts, to match the required level of material removal and surface finish.

Round bastard files are used for working on circular openings and concave surfaces. They are shaped with a slight taper toward the point, which allows access to different diameters and curved profiles while maintaining contact with the work surface.

Diamond file set typically refers to a set that contains four files with an overall length of 7 inches. These files are used for fine finishing on hard materials such as carbide, steel, and other alloys or hard substrates. The abrasive surfaces are designed to cut in any direction, which allows material removal on strokes made in multiple orientations. 

The diamond abrasive construction provides high wear resistance and maintains functional sharpness over extended use. Such sets are often supplied with a folding pouch for organized storage and transport.

Half round bastard files are used on concave, flat, and convex surfaces. The file is tapered in both width and thickness, which facilitates access to different geometries and confined areas. The flat side of the file has a double cut pattern, while the rounded side has a single cut. This combination allows the user to select either a more aggressive or a more controlled cutting action, depending on the surface and the required finish.

Shoe rasp (4 in 1) is used for material removal on wood, leather, aluminum, and other soft metals. It is designed to produce a relatively coarse surface profile, which is suitable for shaping and rough work prior to finer finishing operations.

Power cutter utility snips are hand tools used for a range of cutting tasks in automotive and auto body applications, as well as in general workshop settings. The stainless steel blades are offset relative to the handles in order to keep the user’s hands above the work material, which supports safer and more accurate cutting. These snips are suitable for cutting thin gauge sheet metal, wire, leather, rubber, vinyl, sandwich gaskets, fiberglass cloth, metal screen, hoses, floor mats, and carpeting.

Aviation snips (yellow, green, and red) are designed for cutting sheet metals up to 18 gauge. They use a compound action mechanism that meets relevant government specifications for cutting performance and strength. The blades are forged from tool steel formulated for this purpose, and the cutting edges are serrated to reduce slipping during use. 

The snips incorporate a self opening action that assists with continuous cutting. Each snip is supplied with a coating of rust preventive oil. The handles are contoured and coated with plastic to provide a secure grip, and they are color coded to allow quick visual identification of the type of cut associated with each tool.

Putty knives and scrapers are used for spackling and for scraping or removing grease, paint, varnish, and gaskets. The handles are made from materials that do not absorb grease or oils, which helps keep the user’s hands cleaner during use. The knives and blades are hardened to improve durability in repeated applications. The blades in the listed models are flexible and are constructed from high carbon cutlery steel, which provides a balance between strength and controlled flexibility.

Inspection sticker scrapers are designed to remove stickers, paint, varnish, and tar from glass surfaces. They are equipped with an easy grip vinyl handle to assist with control during scraping tasks. The cutting element is a replaceable single edge razor blade, which allows the tool to be maintained by changing the blade when it becomes dull.

Window scrapers are small, hand held tools used for removing stickers, paint, and varnish from glass, tile, metal, and other smooth surfaces. The tool has an angled design that permits easier scraping by improving contact with the work surface. A thumb release mechanism is provided for blade changes, allowing the user to replace the blade without additional tools. These scrapers are typically supplied with a blade already installed.

Razor blade scraper is a hand tool designed for use in painting and surface preparation tasks. It is supplied with two finishing steel blades that can be used for removing stickers, labels, and adhesive residues. The tool has an angled design that allows it to fit into corners and to access narrow areas. It is constructed with an all metal body and is designed to hold any standard single edge razor blade. A lever mechanism operates the blade release to allow quick blade changes.

Heavy duty scraper is used for removing dried compounds such as tile adhesive and carpet adhesive. It is equipped with sharp, hardened steel blades that are interchangeable to accommodate different scraping widths. The handle is offset and angled to help reduce the likelihood of knuckle contact with the work surface during use. The tool typically includes blades with widths of 1 inch, 2 inches, and 4-1/2 inches.

Utility blades are cutting inserts designed to fit standard utility knives. They are described as having up to three times the service life of typical carbon blades. The blades use a bi metal construction with a spring steel backing material to increase resistance to breakage and bending, and they are characterized as shatter resistant. 

The cutting edge is double honed and ground to provide a sharp initial edge and to support edge durability. The blades are suitable for applications such as cutting drywall, performing field stripping tasks, and general utility work. They are made from M2 hardened tool steel to improve wear resistance, and they have a thickness of 0.025 inch.

Heavy duty utility blade is manufactured from heat treated carbon steel.

Plastic razor blade is designed for use on plastic coated windshields, where it reduces the risk of surface scratching. It can be used to remove stickers and labels from these surfaces without causing abrasion. The blade is low in mass and designed for extended service life, and it is suitable for use on all plastic coated windshield surfaces.

Heavy duty industrial razor blades are produced from heavy gauge steel to an industrial quality standard. They have a specially ground sharp edge intended to remain effective over extended use. These blades are compatible with most knives and inspection sticker scrapers and are commonly supplied in a dispenser tray for organized storage and access.

Quick change retractable utility knife has a durable construction and a grip designed for extended use. It incorporates a stainless steel nose with a one piece titanium coated design. The knife includes a long lasting precision side action slider and a lock back mechanism. It provides three retraction positions to accommodate multiple blades and can hold up to five blades in an internal storage area.

Retractable utility knife is constructed for heavy duty applications and includes a contoured grip to improve handling stability.

Breakaway blade cutter is a retractable cutter that uses snap off blades. It is suitable for cutting materials such as paper, plastic sheet, cardboard, rubber, and vinyl. The tool has a rubber grip designed for user comfort and a slim, compact form factor. The blade can be locked in position during use.

One-handed ratcheting action cutter is designed to cut rubber, plastic hose, and PVC pipe up to 1 5/8 in in diameter. It operates with a single hand using a ratcheting mechanism. The tool incorporates an enclosed stainless steel blade intended to provide controlled and clean cutting. A high leverage configuration increases the applied cutting force. The cutter body is made from cast aluminum and includes a handle shaped for user comfort.

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Hand Tools – Hudson Valley MRO Reference

A 3/8 inch drive tight grip rounded bolt and nut remover kit is designed to grip the rounded corners of nuts and bolts without slipping. It maintains a firm grip that captures bolts or nuts to aid removal, including fasteners that are rusted or extremely rounded. The tool can also hold a bolt or nut during installation in locations that are difficult to access, and its compact size allows it to fit into small spaces. It is made of high strength alloy steel. A metric set typically includes sizes 10 millimeter, 12 millimeter, 13 millimeter, 14 millimeter, 15 millimeter, 17 millimeter, and 18 millimeter, supplied in a hard plastic case.

A universal stud extractor is a stud and broken-bolt removal tool that fits and removes studs in the range of 1/4 inch to 1/2 inch, or approximately 6 to 12 millimeters. MRO professionals in Hudson Falls, N.Y. use this style of extractor because its low power requirements allow operation with an air ratchet while still gripping reliably in tight areas. Internal rollers clamp onto the stud and tighten their hold as torque increases, making the tool effective for removing frozen exhaust studs, threaded rod fittings, and broken studs..

Bolt and nut extractors are used when a fastener has rounded corners, is rusted tight, or is covered by paint. In such cases, the extractor is intended to break the fastener free. Many of these tools use reverse spiral flutes that bite into the fastener surface to provide higher gripping power. Construction from high carbon steel is commonly used to increase service life and improve durability.

An industrial bolt extractor set provides fractional and metric coverage for the removal of broken or frozen studs. A typical configuration includes extractors in metric sizes 8 millimeter, 10 millimeter, 11 millimeter, 12 millimeter, 13 millimeter, 14 millimeter, and 16 millimeter, as well as fractional sizes 3/8 inch, 7/16 inch, 1/2 inch, 9/16 inch, 5/8 inch, 11/16 inch, and 3/4 inch.

A 3/8 inch drive bolt extractor set is configured to provide full fractional size coverage. It is used to extract studs, bolts, pipe nipples, automotive fittings, and threaded rod, and it can remove rusted or otherwise damaged fasteners. The components are commonly manufactured from high strength alloy steel. Metric sizes frequently included in such sets are 10 millimeter, 11 millimeter, 12 millimeter, 13 millimeter, 14 millimeter, 15 millimeter, 16 millimeter, 17 millimeter, and 19 millimeter.

A multi-grip universal socket is designed to perform the functions of several different socket sets. It uses a single, fifty four pin configuration that grips a wide range of shapes and sizes, including hex heads, wing nuts, square nuts, eye screws, and hooks. It can be used with cordless or electric drills, pneumatic drivers, or any 3/8 inch ratchet. The socket is suitable for working on rusted nuts and bolts and can be applied in various stripping operations.

Tamper-proof Torx master bits are manufactured from hardened steel and are used in automotive, motorcycle, bicycle, and computer applications. They are designed to reduce cam-out, which helps maintain consistent engagement between the bit and the fastener.

An eight piece Torx tamper-proof bit set typically includes a 1/4 inch drive bit holder and is also used in automotive, motorcycle, bicycle, and computer applications. The bits in this set are similarly designed to resist cam-out in order to maintain more stable contact with the fastener during use.

Ratchets use a rapid finger pin or press mechanism to pre-tighten nuts and bolts. The user pushes the tool into the socket, spins it to the desired tight position, then attaches a ratchet to complete the task. The ratchets are finished with triple chrome plating.

A 3/8 inch drive spin a ratchet functions as a rapid finger spinner for pre-tightening nuts and bolts. The user pushes the tool into the socket, spins it to the tight position, then applies a ratchet to complete the operation. This type of ratchet is available in a 3/8 inch drive configuration only.

An S-shaped ratchet has an overall length of 9 inches and is made from chrome vanadium steel. It features offset 3/8 inch socket and magnetic die cast heads, and provides two drive style options. The design allows fastener movement with as little as 35 degrees of handle motion. It incorporates a very fine 90 tooth precision head and has a metal polish, high chrome finish, with no pointer included.

Tight grip super combination wrench sets are designed to remove severely rusted, rounded, or otherwise damaged bolts and nuts. Each wrench uses six cams made of high strength alloy steel that engage the flats of the fasteners. The design also allows use as a nut starter in locations that are difficult to access. The wrenches are constructed from high strength alloy steel.

A 25 degree offset reversible ratcheting box wrench is intended for accessing nuts and bolts that are located in confined or obstructed areas. The offset heads help keep the user’s hand away from the work surface. The wrench includes a switch mechanism that advances the wrench with light pressure, placing it into a working mode when the switches are open. The tool is nickel chrome plated and made from heat treated alloy steel to increase strength and durability. A reversible push or pull flip switch is provided to change the ratcheting direction.

A seven piece nut driver set typically consists of steel sockets that have been hardened to improve wear resistance. The drivers are equipped with plastic handles and often feature a triple chrome plated finish on the metal components. These nut drivers are commonly available as complete sets or as individual pieces.

Internal pipe wrenches are used to remove broken threaded pipe fittings and to loosen or tighten close nipples or other pipe fittings in confined spaces. Their use helps avoid damage to threads, adjacent walls, and plated finishes such as nickel or chrome. A typical internal pipe wrench has an overall length of 3 and 3/4 inches and a hexagonal body so it can be driven with a standard wrench. 

The tool is commonly made from heat treated alloy steel and zinc plated for corrosion resistance. A cam action mechanism provides a non slipping grip on the inside of nipples, pipes, and fittings by expanding a wedge when the tool is inserted and rotated. This mechanism holds the fitting securely and allows rotation in either direction, which can increase the speed of installation and removal.

Heavy duty pipe wrenches are constructed from forged alloy steel and are equipped with precision hardened jaw teeth. They often incorporate large springs and a forged, heat treated fixed jaw to maintain clamping force. An adjusting nut is provided to set the jaw opening accurately. These features support use in applications that involve frequent or intensive pipe handling.

Adjustable wrenches have precision ground jaws and a sliding mechanism designed to provide a consistent grip and smooth operation. The thumb knurl is knurled and precision formed, and it is fully hardened and tempered to maintain adjustment accuracy. The wrench body is forged and heat treated to increase durability, and the head is made extra thin and tapered to allow access in confined spaces. 

The jaw design is configured for increased strength, with spring hardened and tempered components, and the tool typically has a nickel chrome finish. These wrenches meet U.S. government specification GGG W 631 B. A phosphorus bronze spring is used to reduce friction and prevent sticking. The knurl is sized to facilitate manual adjustment, and the wrench provides an extra wide jaw capacity. The jaw can be removed for maintenance or replacement. Many versions incorporate a lightweight handle with a comfort grip.

A pliers wrench combines the functions of pliers and a wrench in a single tool and can be used in place of multiple open ended wrenches in both metric and inch sizes. It is designed to be gentle on plated surfaces such as chrome. The tool is typically made from chrome vanadium electric steel that is hardened and tempered. A push button adjustment mechanism is used to set the jaw opening and to provide high positional stability. 

The wrench is intended for strong gripping and holding, with jaws that can be set in a continuous range of positions. The jaws are equal and parallel so they can fit flat on nuts and bolts. The design provides a ratcheting action with minimal backlash. 

The tool can be used for holding, gripping, bending, and pressing workpieces and is suited to work on sensitive components and chrome surfaces because the smooth jaws are configured to limit marking or damage. A 12 inch version is self locking on pipes, nuts, and similar components. The internal lever transmission is greater than 10 to 1, and the gripping force can reach approximately 24 times the applied hand pressure.

Ball end hex key sets are designed to allow entry into a fastener at angles of up to 25 degrees, which enables use in locations that are difficult to reach. The ball end permits faster insertion and removal of the tool from the fastener. Close manufacturing tolerances support consistent performance when the tool is used at an operational angle. 

The geometry of the tip provides a funnel-like entry into the socket, which can reduce the time required to locate and engage the fastener, including in applications where the user cannot see the fastener directly. Full depth engagement within the socket is intended to reduce the likelihood of stripping. A thicker neck at the working end increases torque capacity, potentially doubling the amount of torque that can be applied compared with thinner designs.

The handle and shaft are typically shaped to support natural hand and wrist rotation, allowing the tool to be turned through a full rotation while it remains in position on the fastener. This configuration can reduce user fatigue during extended use. Sets are commonly supplied with storage cases that secure the individual keys by twisting them into place, which reduces the chance of loss. The cases usually have each key size marked individually for easier identification.

T handle hex keys are designed for ease and efficiency during use. They are often manufactured from chrome nickel based alloy steel to provide strength and durability suitable for repeated torque loading.

Fractional and metric hex key wrenches are usually produced from heat treated alloy steel in accordance with relevant dimensional and material standards, such as ANSI B eighteen point three nineteen eighty two, in order to ensure consistent fit and mechanical performance.

Fold up pocket size hex key sets house multiple blades in a single compact body. Each blade can be used in a straight position or folded out to form a right angle with the handle to allow the application of extra torque. The blades are manufactured to close tolerances so they fit precisely within the hex socket of the fastener.

Tamperproof hex keys are intended for use with tamper resistant socket head screws that incorporate a central pin. These keys have a corresponding pin hole at each end so they can properly engage the recess in the fastener.

Self gripping pliers are designed with jaws that lock onto the workpiece so that the gripping action is maintained under load, which reduces the likelihood of slip during use. A push button release operated by the thumb replaces traditional handle locking mechanisms and allows adjustment of the jaw opening with relatively low effort. A safety stop feature limits the closing movement of the handles to reduce the risk of pinching the user’s hand. The jaw shape is intended to minimize damage to fasteners and to reduce impact to the user’s knuckles during use.

These pliers are manufactured from drop forged, oil hardened chrome vanadium steel in order to provide strength and wear resistance under repeated loading. The adjustment mechanism provides multiple discrete jaw positions, typically between eighteen and thirty settings, which allows adaptation to a range of workpiece sizes and geometries. The handles are commonly coated with polyvinyl chloride for improved grip and user comfort.

Internal and external retaining ring pliers are produced from carbon steel with a black oxide finish that provides basic corrosion resistance. The configuration can be converted between internal and external operation by reversing the orientation of the handles and tips.

General purpose adjustable pliers are used for gripping and turning objects of various shapes, including pipes, rods, hose fittings, cable connections, and other mechanical components. They are typically manufactured from drop forged alloy steel and are equipped with plastic coated handles to improve hand comfort and to assist in applying torque.

Slip joint pliers with side cutter are designed with jaws that accommodate a variety of workpiece shapes while providing strong gripping action. The integrated side cutter allows the same tool to be used for cutting wire or similar materials in addition to gripping and holding.

Tongue and groove pliers are manufactured from heavy gauge high carbon steel and are typically induction hardened in order to increase wear resistance and service life. The jaw opening is adjustable and can accommodate many different shapes, which makes the tool suitable for gripping irregular components. The handles are commonly coated with plastic to improve operator comfort and grip.

Diagonal cutting pliers are usually about six and one half inches long and incorporate a standard bevel cutting edge for general purpose cutting tasks. They often include cushioned grips on the handles to improve comfort during repeated use. A tapered nose profile allows access to confined spaces and facilitates cutting close to a surface.

Lineman pliers are equipped with insulated cushion grips to provide user comfort and to offer basic electrical insulation characteristics when used appropriately. The tool geometry typically provides a high leverage ratio, which increases gripping and cutting force at the jaws relative to the force applied at the handles. These pliers are commonly produced from drop forged alloy steel to enhance strength and extend service life.

Long nose pliers are generally about six and one half inches long and are characterized by an elongated, narrow jaw shape suitable for reaching into restricted areas and handling small components. They are manufactured from chrome alloy steel and are typically drop forged for strength. Insulated cushion grips are often fitted to improve handling comfort and to provide limited electrical insulation.

Slip joint pliers are commonly available in lengths of approximately six inches and eight inches. They feature an adjustable pivot that allows the jaws to open to different widths, resulting in a relatively wide jaw capacity for their size. The handles are usually cushioned for user comfort, and the tool is typically made from drop forged alloy steel to provide adequate strength for general gripping applications.

Spring hose clamp pliers are designed for use with flat, oval, spring band, and constant tension hose clamps. The tool typically has a clamping capacity from 1/8 inch to 2 inches, with an overall length of approximately 1 and 1/4 inches. The jaws are arranged at an angle of about 45 degrees, and the head can be positioned with a 45 degree offset to improve access. A ratcheting mechanism maintains consistent clamping pressure during use.

These pliers can function in applications where several different styles of hose clamp pliers would otherwise be required. Typical application areas include air intake and throttle assemblies, anti lock braking systems, brake lines, coolant hoses, emission control systems, exhaust systems, fuel supply systems, power steering systems, and transmission cooling lines. The clamping pressure is adjustable so that small, repetitive operations can be performed with a consistent force. The design provides concentrated gripping force at the jaws while requiring relatively low hand effort, and the extended reach allows operation in confined or obstructed spaces.

Hog ring pliers are used for tasks such as repairing vehicle seats, installing new seat covers, and replacing sensors or heating mats that are integrated into seating systems. They are intended for professional attachment of profiled seat covers or upholstery materials to the seat frame using commonly available upholstery clips or hog rings. The tool is typically manufactured from special tool steel that is forged and oil hardened in order to provide strength and wear resistance. Handles are often fitted with multi component grips to improve control and comfort during repetitive fastening operations. The overall construction is intended to provide durability under regular use.

Ear clamp pliers are designed for the mounting of one ear and two ear clamps in mechanical and maintenance applications. They allow simple and reliable installation without damaging the press points on the ear clamps. The slim head design improves access in confined spaces, which is useful when working in restricted or obstructed areas. 

These pliers can be used with clamps on constant velocity boots, cooler and fuel lines, air pressure systems, and compressors. They are made from durable, high grade special tool steel and include a slim working area on the spreading section. An additional side jaw expands their range of use and makes them suitable for general and universal clamping tasks.

Needle nose combination pliers are intended for work in confined areas where a combination of gripping and pointed jaws is required. The jaws are designed to resist twisting and to grip flat parts securely. Round grooves in the jaws support the gripping of round materials. The jaws have a slim design with a wide opening range to accommodate different workpiece sizes. Integrated cutting edges are provided for use with copper and lead materials. 

A box joint construction is used for the moving joint so that the joint cannot be held and pulled apart during use. The handle and lever joint arrangement provides mechanical advantage and improved leverage. The handles are covered with plastic for user comfort and for controlled handling when cutting hard wire. The pliers are forged from high grade tool steel and are oil hardened for strength and durability.

Extra long needle nose pliers are used for gripping, holding, cutting, and repair tasks in hard to reach locations. Their slim, extended design allows access to deep or obstructed areas, and the stable, strong tips support precise handling of components. These pliers can grip, bend, and cut thin and soft wires, screws, cables, and small precision parts. 

They are made from high grade ball bearing chrome vanadium steel and have a slim, rounded head. The gripping surfaces are serrated to increase friction and improve control of the workpiece. These pliers are particularly suitable for mechanical and industrial maintenance and repair work. The handles are fitted with multi component covers, and the tool is drop forged from high grade tool steel, then oil hardened and tempered for durability and wear resistance.

Compact bolt cutters are designed for cutting larger cross sections and harder materials. They are constructed to require reduced manual effort compared to high leverage diagonal cutters of the same size, due to a specific lever mechanism that increases the effective cutting force. The cutting edges are manufactured from oil hardened chrome vanadium electric steel and are induction hardened to increase wear resistance. 

A touch opening spring supports the cutting process by reopening the cutters after each cut and helps to prevent impact contact between the cutting edges. The opening spring and locking device are integrated into the handles to facilitate controlled operation and secure storage. The cutting capacity is specified for soft, medium hard, and hard wire. The remaining steel components are made from heavy duty forged material to provide structural strength and durability.

Siphon and connector pliers are used for installing and removing plumbing connections and fittings. The plastic jaws are intended to protect sensitive surfaces from damage during clamping or rotation. A box joint design is used to increase joint stability and service life under load. The working capacity ranges from 10 millimeters to 75 millimeters, which allows use on a variety of pipe diameters and connection sizes. 

Typical applications include tightening and loosening siphon screw connections, plastic pipe fittings, and round union nuts. These pliers are also used for opening and tightening fittings on dishwashers, stack hoses, and related connections. A fine serrated edge on the jaws is provided to grip screw connections more securely.

Hose clamp pliers for click clamps are designed to open and close this type of clamp in fluid and vacuum systems. The slim head design supports use in various positions and confined spaces and is combined with offset and rotating grip inserts for more flexible alignment with the clamp. The tool geometry and handle arrangement provide leverage that allows the user to open or close the clamps with relatively low manual force. Typical uses include work on fuel hoses, vacuum pipes, and suction nozzles. An additional function is provided by serrated jaws that can be used to detach hoses gently from their fittings.

Combination pliers are constructed for general gripping and cutting tasks on different types of wire and cable. The surface is treated, and the handles are coated with plastic to improve grip and handling. They are suitable for use on medium hard wire, hard wire, copper cable, and piano wire. The jaw design includes gripping zones for both flat and round material, allowing the tool to hold a range of workpiece shapes. 

Cutting edges are provided for soft and hard wire, and these edges are induction hardened to an approximate hardness of 60 HRC to improve wear resistance. The pliers are made from special tool steel that is forged and oil hardened to increase strength and durability.

Combination pliers with comfort grip are designed for general gripping and cutting applications. The handles are coated with a comfort grip plastic layer to improve handling during use. The jaws include gripping zones suitable for both flat and round material, and the cutting edges are intended for both soft and hard wire. The cutting edges are induction hardened to increase wear resistance. The tool is made from special tool steel that is forged and oil hardened for strength and durability.

Multi pliers are constructed as a multifunction hand tool for common installation and maintenance tasks. They can be used to cut, strip, crimp, grind, bend, and deburr suitable materials. In addition, they can function as a screwdriver or a wrench in appropriate applications. The tool is capable of cutting and stripping new or existing conductor cables. 

A grinding function is provided to smooth pipe ends, and a lift and twist function allows the user to remove parts by applying controlled rotational force. A serrated gripping zone on the jaws improves grip on components. The cutting edges are induction hardened to support use on conductive materials, and the surfaces are suitable for cleaning.

Halogen bulb exchange pliers are intended for the installation of wedge bulb lamps. The jaws are plastic coated so that they can hold and protect wedge bulbs without damaging the glass or contact surfaces. The design supports work in confined and otherwise hard to reach areas where direct manual access is limited. 

The handles are insulated and dipped for corrosion resistance to reduce the risk of rust formation. The handles and main body are made from forged steel with a chrome or anodized finish and are oil hardened to provide mechanical strength and wear resistance.

Universal locking pliers are designed with a 70 degree angled configuration to modify the direction and application of force during use. They are manufactured from carbon steel and are sized to fit within the palm of the hand for compact handling. The tool is intended for one hand operation so the hand can remain in a straight position to help limit strain during repeated use. 

The pistol style handle has an ergonomic grip shape, and the jaws are long nosed with serrated teeth to improve contact with the workpiece. The jaw opening is adjustable to set the clamping force for different sizes of components. The overall design is intended to support push, pull, and torque actions in a range of clamping and holding applications.

Five in one pistol grip pliers are long nose pliers, approximately 10 inches in length, that combine crimping, cutting, wire stripping, and fastener extraction functions. The jaws are offset so that the user has a clearer line of sight to the area of work. The pistol grip is shaped to assist use in confined or awkward positions, and the offset layout is intended to reduce rotation of the hand and forearm during gripping, which can help lower muscle fatigue. 

The long gripping nose section measures approximately 3.5 inches and is used for holding and manipulating parts. Integrated features include a bolt and screw extractor, a wire cutter, and a crimping section for fasteners rated for 10 to 22 AWG. There are seven wire stripping sizes provided for conductors of 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22 AWG. The individual components are produced to comply with relevant dimensional and performance requirements specified in applicable ANSI and ASME standards.

A two piece pliers set includes one 6 inch short nose plier and one 8 inch long nose plier in an angled needle nose configuration. The angled design is intended to improve hand alignment and provide a clearer line of sight to the work area. The handles are curved to fit the hand and support controlled gripping during use. Both pliers are manufactured from heat treated steel selected for service life in mechanical and maintenance applications.

A high leverage flush cutter is used for cutting plastic components and soft metals so that the cut surface is as level as possible with the surrounding material. The tool geometry is designed to reduce the manual effort required compared to many other cutters of similar size. The handles are fitted with soft grip coverings, and the wide opening width is intended to limit hand fatigue during repeated cutting cycles. 

The cutting edges are specified at a hardness of approximately 59 HRC for use on soft and hard materials and are induction hardened for wear resistance. A spring mechanism provides automatic opening of the handles after each cut to support faster operation. The tool has a long bevel design and is suitable for cutting larger diameters within its rated capacity. It is produced from chrome vanadium electric steel that is forged and oil hardened to increase strength and durability.

Compact bolt cutter is designed for cutting bolts, nails, rivets, and similar materials within its specified capacity. A recess in the cutting edge is provided to support positioning of the material and to facilitate cutting. The tool has an overall length of approximately 6.25 inches, which allows use in confined spaces while maintaining cutting performance. 

The cutting edges are induction hardened to an approximate hardness of 59 HRC to extend service life. A gripping surface is located below the joint for gripping and pulling wires when required. The slim jaws improve access in restricted areas. An opening spring and locking device are integrated into the design, and the tool is oil hardened in multiple stages for structural strength.

Combo vice and clamp is a hand tool designed to function as a small vice, clamp, and wire cutter in applications where the workpiece needs to be held securely while the user works with both hands. It can be attached to a variety of edges and surfaces and is used to clamp objects with its jaws so that they remain fixed during operations such as sewing, filing, gluing, soldering, welding, painting, jewelry work, and fly tying. The tool combines the functions of pliers, a clamp, and a wire cutter in a compact form factor.

Locking tool is a compact clamping device intended for applications that require a small, adjustable holding tool. An adjustable toggle joint clamp is used to provide a positive locking action on the workpiece. The tool can clamp materials up to approximately 0.5 inches in width and has a weight of about 2.5 ounces. Typical uses include work on model aircraft, jewelry fabrication, and welding tasks where small components must be held in a fixed position.

E-Z set and forget pliers are self adjusting pliers that lock onto different sizes of workpieces without manual adjustment of the jaw setting. They are designed for one handed operation so the user can position and secure the tool with a single hand. The jaws can grip both thick and thin materials, and the mechanism automatically adapts to the thickness and locks in place. 

The handles are shaped to reduce slipping during use and to support controlled release of the grip. The tool is manufactured to meet or exceed relevant ANSI and ASME standards for material properties, hardness, strength, and performance.

Tamperproof 15-in-1 screwdriver is used by electricians, locksmiths, telephone technicians, and maintenance personnel, including staff in correctional facilities. It has an alloy steel shaft and S2 steel bits. The tool uses a quick change bit system that operates with double ended bits. The handle is made from heavy duty aircraft grade aluminum, and the drive size is a quarter inch hex.

Twelve-in-1 ratcheting multi-tip screwdriver stores all bits and tips in slots within the handle. The tool has a pocket size length of three inches, which allows it to be carried and stored easily. It can be used in either standard screwdriver mode or ratchet mode. 

The handle holds eleven tips and eight bits, along with a magnetic bit holder. The included tips cover Torx sizes T3 and T4, Phillips sizes PH00, PH0, PH1, and PH2, slotted sizes SL1.2, SL3.0, and SL5.0, and star size 0.8, as well as a micro bit holder.

Professional multi-tool provides a compact configuration with fast access to bits through a quick release locking bit holder and a spring loaded cartridge. The handle uses a high torque cushion grip with an ergonomic design. The bit set consists of twenty six assorted tips that include double ended bits. The bits are made from hardened and tempered CVM tool steel and are precision machined to provide an exact fit.

Screw removal compound assists in removing or tightening screws, nuts, and cap screws. It is intended to increase grip between a screwdriver and a screw by up to 400 percent and does not require any special tools for use. The compound is designed for use on fasteners with partially stripped heads. 

A small amount is applied between metal surfaces to create a positive grip while still allowing the screw to turn. The formulation is odorless, non toxic, and non corrosive. It is intended to work immediately, is formulated not to damage adjacent surfaces, and can be wiped clean after use. Regular use may also reduce wear on tools.

Fifteen in one ratchet screwdriver provides three position ratcheting, allowing the user to select forward, reverse, or stationary operation. The bits are manufactured from heat treated S2 steel, which is intended to provide high mechanical strength and durability. Each double ended bit is retained by a ball bearing mechanism that is designed to hold the bit securely in place. A spring loaded bit selector knob, labeled for identification, opens the internal chamber with a light turn to allow access to and storage of the bits.

Screwdriver set is equipped with acetate handles intended for heavy duty industrial use. The blades are made from durable alloy steel. Each tip is precision ground in order to help ensure a secure fit with the fastener head. The blades are chrome plated to provide resistance to corrosion. The set includes eight commonly used sizes and is supplied with a storage pouch.

Precision screwdrivers are used for electronics service and assembly, medical and industrial maintenance, and automotive applications. They have precision tolerance black oxide tips and blades made from chrome vanadium molybdenum tool steel. The handle has a fluted triangular shape intended to increase comfort. A rotating top cap is provided to support precise turning and control.

Magnetizer and demagnetizer is intended for instant magnetizing of tools and parts. It is designed to avoid chipping or permanent damage to screwdriver and tool tips during extended use. The unit contains a one piece box hardened magnet intended for continuous operation. 

It is compatible with slotted, Phillips, and Torx tips. The overall size is approximately 2 inches by 2 inches by 1 inch. To use the device, the tool or part is inserted through the openings: the negative opening is used for demagnetizing and the upper opening marked positive is used for magnetizing.

Insulated screwdriver is designed for use by personnel who work near exposed energized conductors or parts. The blade is manufactured from chrome vanadium molybdenum tool steel and is satin heat hardened to an average hardness of 58 RC. The tool is intended to provide protection against electrical shock. The handles are made of cellulose acetate, which is impact and solvent resistant. An orange two layer insulation is molded to the blade to provide electrical protection. The tool is certified for use up to 1000 volts alternating current and up to 1500 volts direct current.

Ten piece driver set has non slip cushion handles and chrome vanadium precision machined satin plated blades. The handles are molded directly to the blades to provide a secure fit. The blades are made from 1215 alloy steel. Each tool in the set is individually tested at 1000 volts alternating current.

Insulated multi bit screwdriver provides four tip changes in one bit configuration. It contains six bits housed in the handle and is designed for use by electricians. The tips are heat treated to help reduce wear. The handle is shaped to provide a secure and comfortable grip.

Phillips power bits in 6 inch length are made from S2 modified shock resistant steel to provide durability in frequent use. The bits have precision machined tips and a precision hex shank produced using a proprietary process. This process is intended to provide higher strength compared with standard bits.

Power impact bits are designed for use with power impact tools in demanding applications. Their tips are machined using a computerized process, and they are manufactured from S2 modified impact resistant steel.

A one hundred piece master driver bit set contains both common and less frequently available bit types. The bits in this set are made from S2 modified steel and are stored in a blow molded case for transport and organization.

Thirty one piece driver bit sets with ratchet and sockets typically include a quick release bit holder and a hex bit ratchet. The bit selection often covers Phillips tamper resistant sizes 1, 2, and 3; standard Phillips sizes 2 and 3; square drive sizes 1, 2, and 3; spanner sizes 6, 8, and 10; and tamper resistant Torx sizes 10, 15, 20, 25, 27, and 30. The socket assortment commonly includes hex bit sockets in sizes 5/32, 3/16, 7/32, 1/4, 9/32, and 5/16.

Industrial power impact bits, holders, and sets are intended for professional use with power impact tools. The bit tips are formed using a computerized machining process, and the components are produced from S2 modified impact resistant steel.

Industrial Phillips power bits with a six inch length are made from S2 modified shock resistant steel to provide durability under impact loading. These bits incorporate a spiral torsion zone that is designed to absorb impact and reduce stress concentration, which contributes to extended bit life. The tips are produced using a precision computer numerical control machining process to promote accurate fit within the fastener recess. The bits are evaluated through lifecycle and tip failure testing to assess performance under repeated use.

Torx power bits with a six inch length are also manufactured from S2 modified shock resistant steel to support durability in demanding applications. The tips are formed using a precision computer numerical control machining process to achieve a consistent and accurate fit in the fastener recess. A controlled heat treatment process is applied to enhance hardness, durability, and resistance to wear.

An industrial thirty four piece bit and hand driver set is configured to support both hand tool and power tool applications. The set includes extended length driver bits that are suitable for use with a ratchet handle and for tasks that require increased reach. A magnetic bit holder is provided to allow rapid bit changes during mechanical hand driving operations. The components are manufactured from industrial grade materials and are produced using precision machining practices.

Dead blow hammer designs typically incorporate a steel tube shaft with a rubber hand grip and a head filled with lead shot. A representative example has a total hammer weight of 26 oz, with a head length of approximately 1.97 in by 4 7/8 in and a head weight of about 16 oz. The lead shot filling reduces rebound during impact, so the hammer does not bounce, and it also increases the effective striking power relative to a solid head of similar size. 

The striking surfaces are often made from polyurethane in a yellow finish that resists contact with grease, acids, and common solvents. These hammers are used in sheet metal shops, repair workshops, machine tool and gearbox assembly, and tire service environments, where controlled, low-rebound impacts are required.

Ball pein hammers are generally manufactured with a drop forged high carbon steel hammerhead and a wooden handle, often made from hickory. The forged steel construction provides mechanical strength suitable for metalworking tasks, while the wooden handle offers a firm manual grip and some vibration damping during use.

Cold chisels are commonly produced from forged alloy steel and finished with a black lacquer coating. The heads and cutting edges, or bites, are fully polished to achieve the required geometry and surface condition for cutting or shaping metal.

Claw hammers used for general carpentry and fastening tasks frequently have a drop forged head weighing about 16 oz and an overall hammer length associated with a total weight of approximately 17 oz. The handle is typically constructed from hardwood, providing a rigid yet slightly resilient support for driving and removing nails.

Pin punches are typically manufactured from forged high grade steel that is hardened and tempered to provide mechanical durability. The surface often has a black lacquer finish that provides a basic level of corrosion resistance. The limbs are usually round and knurled to facilitate manual grip and handling during use.

Center punches are also produced from forged high grade steel and feature a polished head and point. The body commonly has a black lacquered finish that provides some protection against corrosion. A knurled exterior on the body helps reduce slipping during use. These tools are used to mark the center of a point on a workpiece and to initiate penetration into relatively hard or tough materials.

Pilot punches, which are used for the removal of roll pins or spring pins, are designed to align with and enter the hollow center of the pin. Each punch has a pilot section that guides the tool into the pin, helping it stay centered as it is driven through the bores. The tip of the punch is made slightly larger than the diameter of the pin, which facilitates complete removal of the pin from the assembly.

Multi wedge non marring pry tools are used on plastic, wood, upholstery, glass, fiberglass, and painted surfaces to remove or adjust components such as bezels, dash panels, trim, moldings, door panels, bodywork elements, seals, and upholstery. These tools are available in a choice of 2 different materials and 10 widths that are intended to cover 12 defined applications. Sets may include either 8 tools or 3 of each of 4 distinct tools. A 4 in 1 configuration is designed to function as a pry tool, a level align tool, a scraper, and a shim, in applications where metal tools such as screwdrivers and pry bars could damage contact surfaces.

Black wedges are produced from polycarbonate, which provides a tool that is stiffer than comparable polypropylene versions and is intended for users who prefer more rigid prying characteristics. 

Orange wedges are produced from a softer material designated S20Y, which has a relatively low friction behavior on many surfaces and, in combination with its rigidity, is intended for general prying applications where controlled contact with sensitive materials is required.

Power return tapes are available in configurations such as a tape width of 1 in and a length of 25 ft. The case typically has a high visibility orange finish. A slide lock mechanism allows the blade to be held at any desired length. Another common configuration has a blade width of 1/2 in and a length of 10 ft, corresponding approximately to 13 mm by 3 m. 

This version also uses a high visibility orange case and incorporates a cushioned blade return feature. The blade is usually bright yellow with fractional readings in inches and clear, easy to read numerical markings to facilitate measurement.

Pocket calipers are commonly manufactured from stainless steel. They are designed to measure both internal and external dimensions, and they provide readings in either inches or millimeters. A typical model incorporates a 3 1/2 in rule graduated in 64ths of an inch and is supplied with a protective case for storage and transport.

Pocket rule designs are typically made from stainless steel and are sized to clip into a pocket for convenient storage and access. The face includes edging to assist with handling and alignment during measurement. A common configuration provides a 4 in rule graduated in 64ths of an inch, which can also be used as a simple depth gauge. The reverse side often includes decimal equivalents to support conversion between fractional and decimal inch measurements.

Metric bolt and nut gauge instruments are used to identify and verify metric fastener characteristics. They show the thread pitches available and include gauges for both nuts and bolts. These gauges measure weight and stress intensity in pounds and kilograms and indicate the diameter and length of the fastener. Typical models are accurate to approximately 0.002 mm.

Inch nut and bolt gauge tools perform similar functions for inch based fasteners. They measure diameter and length and provide indications of weight and stress intensity in both pounds and kilograms. The measurement accuracy is typically about 0.005 in.

Plastic bolt and nut gauge devices are designed to determine bolt and nut sizes over a range from 7/32 in through 3/4 in. They are constructed from durable plastic material for general workshop use.

Plastic screw and wire gauge tools are used to measure both metric and inch sizes for screws and wires, providing a simplified method for identifying size and compatibility.

Plastic inch and metric bolt gauge instruments measure nut and bolt sizes in both inch and metric systems, allowing comparison and selection of fasteners across the two standards.

Standard thread gauge sets are used to measure thread sizes from 4 40 through 1/2 20. They typically contain 40 blades, each corresponding to a specific thread size for verification of external and internal threads.

Metric thread pitch gauge tools measure metric thread pitches from 0.25 through 7.0. A common set includes 20 blades, each with a defined pitch, for assessing compatibility with metric threaded components.

Fractional drill gauge plates are used to measure drill sizes from 1/16 in through 1/2 in. They provide a quick reference for identifying fractional drill diameters in machining and fabrication tasks.

Wire stripper tools use unique steel jaws that self adjust automatically. The user inserts the wire through the size gauge, grips it lightly, then squeezes the handles so the tool can strip the insulation. Gripping jaws hold the wire while the insulation is removed, and precision machined blades cut the wire smoothly. 

The handles are insulated plastic, which provides electrical insulation and can reduce hand fatigue. The tool can crimp terminals from 22 through 10 gauge and is fully automatic in operation. It is designed to strip wire from 10 through 26 gauge without manual adjustment. This tool combines the functions of a wire stripper, crimper, and wire cutter in a single device.

Wire stripper with cable shear designs often include a knurled screw that allows repeatable stripping and helps prevent slippage. They provide cable cutting without crushing the conductor. An induction hardened blade enables cutting of cable up to nine sixteenths of an inch in diameter. The slim form factor allows access in confined or obstructed areas. These tools are typically made from high grade tool steel to increase durability and cutting performance.

Ergonomic stripping tools for metric wire are designed for unclipping, stripping, and cutting cable sheaths. They can be used on conductors with cross sections of 0.2, 0.3, 0.8, 1.5, 2.5, and 4 square millimeters. They are suitable for NYM cable, coaxial cable, and data cable. 

An ergonomic pistol grip with a slim profile is intended to improve access in confined areas and provide controlled handling. These tools can be used on NYM cable with three conductors of 1.5 square millimeters and three conductors of 2.5 square millimeters. They are also suited to applications involving data and coaxial cabling.

Stripping pliers provide simple and precise stripping of fine wire and solid round cables within a range from 0.08 to 16 millimeters. A semi circular grooved metal holding section is designed to provide a secure grip on the conductor. A parabolic blade separates the insulation and automatically pulls it back from the conductor. A built in cable cutter can cut cable up to 6 AWG. The tool covers a wire range from 28 to 6 AWG without changing settings. A fine adjustment dial allows the user to set the blade position according to the thickness of the insulation.

Voltage sensing professional grade wire strippers incorporate a built in voltage detector that senses alternating current voltage from 50 to 600 volts AC. Audible and visual alerts indicate when power is present. An ergonomic handle is designed to improve comfort and reduce hand strain, and a slim handle construction is intended to support corrosion resistance. 

The casing is made of durable, high visibility, glass reinforced nylon plastic. The compact size allows use in tight spaces. The wire range is from 10 through 22 AWG. The lower jaw is designed to grip the conductor firmly without damaging the wire surface. A rapid action spring return facilitates repeated stripping operations. A pliers style nose supports work in confined areas and is suitable for bending, pulling, and shaping wire, as well as use on screw terminals. Batteries for the voltage sensing function are included.

Cable tie remover and wire stripper tools are designed to remove cable ties and straps in a controlled manner. Their use helps prevent cut fingers and damage to cable insulation. A spring loaded ergonomic handle is intended to reduce operator stress during repetitive use. These tools are suitable for stripping wire in the range from 12 to 22 gauge.

Multipurpose battery cable stripper tools are adjustable for cable sizes from 6 to 50 square millimeters. They provide depth control that can be set to help avoid nicks, gouges, or broken conductors during insulation removal. The working components are made of steel suitable for repeated use. These tools are intended for a wide range of battery cable stripping applications.

Wire stripper tools for recessed areas have a narrow profile that allows access into limited and hard to reach spaces. They are designed for stripping the outer sheathing of multiconductor cables. The stripping blade can be replaced when worn or damaged. The overall construction is lightweight to facilitate manual handling.

Heavy duty crimping tool is designed to crimp terminals ranging from 22 gauge through 6 gauge. It can strip wire in sizes from 22 gauge through 10 gauge. The tool includes screw-cutting capability for screw sizes from 4-40 through 10-32. It can also crimp non-insulated flag terminals. The handles are equipped with cushioned grips.

Heavy duty crimping tool is capable of crimping terminals from 4 gauge eye barrel through 4/0 gauge. It applies more than 1,000 pounds of crimping pressure. Die codes are marked on the tool and correspond to crimping system die codes, including size and polarity. The tool uses rotating dies to match the application, and no separate dies are required to be changed. It has an overall length of 25 degrees and is described as universal in application.

Professional crimping tool has crimping nests located behind the pivot point to provide improved mechanical leverage. It incorporates a wide part and strip locator, and the front wire curl stops are positioned behind the front edge of the tool to allow better access in confined work areas. The tool cuts and strips wire from 22 AWG to 10 AWG. It also cuts six sizes of bolts, from 4-40 to 10-32. The handles are fitted with jumbo cushioned grips.

Economy crimping tool is a three in one device that cuts, strips, and crimps wires from 22 to 10 AWG. It crimps insulated and non insulated solderless terminals and includes safety guards for terminal crimping. The tool is made of hardened steel, and the handle is insulated for high voltage applications to reduce the likelihood of cracking, slipping, or breaking.

Compact crimp-master universal crimping tool uses rotating dies that are marked for each position. One tool crimps terminals ranging from 26 to 12 gauge. It incorporates straight profile calibrated dies and has cushioned, non slip handles.

Hammer crimper has a fiberglass handle with a shock absorbing rubber grip and a black epoxy finish. It is intended for heavy duty crimping of wire terminals from 8 gauge through 4/0 gauge. The tool body is made of drop forged steel.

Professional ratcheting crimper uses a ratcheting mechanism to control the crimping cycle. It includes replaceable die inserts and is designed to crimp dissimilar metals. It crimps 10 to 22 gauge insulated and uninsulated terminals.

Twistor 16 is a crimper for end ferrules. It has a 360 degree rotatable crimp head for wire ferrules and crimps conductors from 26 to 6 AWG. The tool features an integral lock with a self releasing mechanism that is intended to limit over or under crimping. It includes a locking position, an ergonomic handle, and an automatic adjustment function that adapts to different wire diameters.

Professional ratchet crimping tool is used for heat shrink terminals. It is designed to minimize misalignment and slipping of heat shrink terminals and to provide consistent crimping force. A release mechanism is included to ensure the crimping cycle is fully completed. The handle has an ergonomic design intended to reduce operator fatigue.

Anvil shears are designed for cutting hose, rubber, and other soft materials. They cut these materials easily and cleanly. They have a capacity for round material up to 1 inch in diameter and can cut flat material up to 1 and 1/2 inches wide. The tool body is constructed of rolled and oil hardened tool steel, and a locking feature keeps the shears in a closed position when not in use.

Electrician shears are intended to produce clean, non slip cuts and can be used in a wide range of applications. They are manufactured from high hardness cutting steel with a hardness rating of 56 HRC. The design typically includes a cushioned handle with an integrated cable cutter, as well as a plastic belt clip for carrying and storage.

Heavy duty cable cutters are used for cutting cable up to size 4/0 and are not intended for use on steel conductors or components. The machined blade surface is intended to minimize binding during cutting. The cutting blades are made from molybdenum steel to reduce the likelihood of blade breakage and to help maintain sharpness. Fiberglass handles are used to keep the tool lightweight while still providing adequate strength and rigidity.

Compact cable cutters are used to cut battery or welding cable up to size 4/0. They are made of case hardened steel with a thickness of 1/4 inch. The cutting edges are sharp, heat treated, and manufactured from high carbon steel. These cutters are not intended for use on steel.

AC sensor is a non-contact tool that detects alternating current voltage without requiring contact with bare conductors or exposed wires. Its exterior surfaces are non-conductive, which reduces the risk of electrical shock during use. The sensor can identify the presence of voltage through insulated wiring and distinguish between neutral and live conductors. 

It can be used to identify voltage in switches, outlets, and wires, and to determine which conductors in an alternating current outlet are hot and neutral. It can also assist in locating breaks in wires, blown fuses, breaks in underground lines, and defective grounding. The device operates with both standard and low-voltage systems and is suitable for tasks commonly performed by electricians, home inspectors, and alarm-system technicians.

Universal tester for automotive circuits is designed to evaluate a variety of electrical conditions in vehicle systems. It can test both alternating current and direct current fuses and terminals, and it is suitable for use on circuits operating from 3 to 28 volts. The device uses audible and visual indicators, such as a buzzer and a light, to signal test results. Its operating range for direct current applications is from 3 to 15 volts.

DC voltage detector is a non-contact device that indicates the presence of direct current voltage in electrical components and conductors. It can be applied to heating elements, fuses, relays, batteries, switches, and alternators. It is also suitable for use with motorcycle wiring, including heavy duty conductors in the 10 to 50 gauge range. The detector incorporates an internal LED indicator light that is designed for long service life.

Mini hot air tool is a compact device that provides two temperature settings, a high setting of 680 degrees Fahrenheit (360 degrees Celsius) and a low setting of 450 degrees Fahrenheit (230 degrees Celsius). Its angled configuration allows it to be used in three general positions, including palm, pendulum, and free. 

The small overall size facilitates access to confined or hard to reach locations and enables the application of concentrated high heat to small surface areas. A retractable stand supports hands free operation when needed.

Heavy duty heat gun is a thermal tool with a variable temperature range from 100 degrees Fahrenheit to 930 degrees Fahrenheit. It offers two fan speeds, low and high, with an airflow of 5.9 cubic feet per minute. A built in hand guard is provided to shield the hand and fingers during use. 

The tool is equipped with a two wire, double insulated cord set and a thermoplastic housing intended to provide impact resistance. A built in stand allows the heat gun to be placed in a stable position during operation or cooling.

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Lighting – Hudson Valley MRO Reference

Heavy duty triple connector cords are three wire grounded extension cords designed for indoor and outdoor use. They use an orange vinyl jacket and are constructed with 14/3 SJT cable, identified as W.A. with a designation of 390 D.O.J.

Grounded extension cords are three wire grounded extensions that use 16/3 gauge cable. They include a molded vinyl cap and are manufactured with a flat cable profile.

T-3 halogen bulbs are specified as organic specification lamps with industrial number SL-103. They emit a bright white light and are designed for use with 200 volt lighting systems.

A 13 watt replacement fluorescent bulb should be installed by holding the base only and not the glass tube. It is not suitable for use in high output (HO) fixtures.

A cord connector device is used to maintain electrical connections while users move around a job site with power tools or extension cords. It has a total length of 5 inches and accommodates power cords of different diameters. The housing material is water resistant neoprene, which helps keep the connection secure and resists moisture. The device is non-conductive and is intended to prevent cord pull-out and reduce interruptions during use.

A clamp light provides hands-free illumination by attaching to nearby surfaces. The clamp opens up to 1 7/8 inches, allowing it to grip a range of edges or supports, and the head can swivel to multiple positions to direct the light where needed. The light source consists of 18 high power LEDs arranged in a 2 by 4 inch area. It is powered by 3 AAA batteries and provides a light output of approximately 100 lumens.

Clamplight mini is a compact lighting device that uses white light emitting diodes as its light source. It incorporates eight white LEDs and an additional array of eighteen high power efficient LED bulbs. The unit is designed so that it can clamp in multiple positions, and the head tilts in multiple directions to allow adjustment of the light beam.

Mini fluorescent trouble light is a portable fluorescent utility light with a compact form factor and increased light output compared to a standard fluorescent utility light. It is equipped with a three hundred sixty degree swivel hook for hanging and positioning. The light uses a thirty two watt twin tube replaceable bulb and is supplied with a twenty foot power cord attached to a water resistant housing. It includes a shatter resistant hook with an integrated swivel hook and strain relief in the handle. The cord type is SJT-2 with 16/3 conductors. Bulbs are sold separately, and a version with a twenty five foot cord is available.

Standard trouble light is a handheld work light designed for use in environments where exposure to oil, acid, grease, and moisture may occur. It has a handle that is resistant to these substances and includes a cushioned grip for improved handling. The light uses an 18/3 SJT-2 cord and is equipped with a steel guard and an integrated switch. The outlet and construction meet relevant safety requirements for personal use.

Lamp handle is designed with impact resistant construction and is approved by relevant safety certification standards. The molded handle incorporates a three wire socket and an integrated switch.

Metal guard is a universal protective enclosure manufactured from galvanized steel. It includes a built-in hanger for suspension or storage.

Battery operated rotating magnetic base LED work lights use LED modules as the light source and are housed in an aluminum body. Magnets in the base allow attachment to compatible metal surfaces. The unit is rechargeable and is supplied with a 5 volt USB wall charger. The light assembly rotates through 360 degrees, and the head pivots so the light beam can be directed as required.

A rectangular inspection mirror with three retracting LED lights consists of a lighted mirror head measuring approximately 2 1/4 inches by 3 1/2 inches. Maintenance technicians in Elizabethtown, N.Y. use this style of mirror because the adjustable LED configurations help illuminate confined areas where direct sightlines are limited. The stainless-steel shaft and nylon hinge allow the head to be angled in any direction while holding the selected position during inspection work.

LED penlight has a magnetic tip and a head that is turned clockwise or counterclockwise for on and off control. The handle is approximately 7 3/4 inches long, which allows for positioning in a variety of orientations. The light source consists of 4 LEDs, and the unit is powered by 2 AAA batteries.

LED lighted 4 piece inspection hook and pick set includes a 90 degree pick, a straight pick, an angle hook, and a hook. Each handle contains an integrated LED light to illuminate the work area. The tools are intended for use with components such as O-rings, snap rings, washers, and electrical connectors. The handles are red to increase visibility.

LED lighted flexible pickup claw is approximately 5 1/4 inches long and incorporates a flexible claw mechanism for gripping and holding parts. It uses a white LED as the light source and has a knurled handle to improve manual control. The device operates on two 2032 batteries.

Telescoping magnetic pickup tool includes an all angle joint and integrated LEDs for illumination. It extends to a length of 31 1/2 inches and retracts to 7 3/4 inches for storage. The magnetic tip is rated to lift up to 5 pounds. The tool is powered by two 2032 batteries.

LED lighted magnifying glass is equipped with a 3X lens and an integrated LED. It has a sliding on and off switch and provides a viewing area measuring approximately 3 1/2 inches by 2 inches. The magnifying glass uses two 2032 batteries as its power source.

Power outlet retractable wheels incorporate a 30 foot cord constructed with 16/3 wire and equipped with a tri tap outlet. The receptacle is rated for 10 amperes, and an LED power status indicator is integrated into the outlet housing.

Rough duty fluorescent work light on 40 foot metal reel uses 16/3 SJT vinyl wire. The reel assembly includes a polarized plug with a built in outlet.

Stubby fluorescent work lights on retractable reel are available in two configurations. The standard series is supplied with a 20 foot cord made with 18/2 wire. The pro series heavy duty reel is supplied with a 50 foot cord made with 18/2 wire.

Utility light on 40 foot metal reel includes a metal lamp shield with an integrated hook for hanging. The unit has a 13 amp grounded receptacle and is designed for use with a 7 1/4 watt incandescent bulb.

Incandescent work light with retractable reel is equipped with a metal shield and a 50 foot cord constructed with 18/3 SJTWA wire. The handle includes a cushioned grip for improved handling. The light is intended for use with a 75 watt bulb.

Replacement work light handle with metal cage is constructed with a yellow polymer handle that contains an integrated ballast transformer. It includes a fingertip resettable overload protector designed to interrupt power in the event of an overload condition. The yellow frame is configured to enhance light reflection around the work area.

Rechargeable dual-position magnetic LED work light incorporates 66 surface mount LEDs as the light source. The LEDs are rated for a service life of over 100000 hours. The unit weighs approximately 1.8 pounds and has an overall length of 13.5 inches. It is supplied with a 50 foot high strength nylon cord. 

A swivel hand grip permits hands free use when the light is positioned or suspended, and a dual-position magnetic holder allows attachment to ferrous surfaces. The device includes a charge indicator and is designed to operate without memory effect in the rechargeable power system.

13 watt fluorescent replacement head is equipped with a 13 watt light source and integrated high intensity LEDs. The assembly includes a yellow polymer frame with an integrated ballast transformer. Molded nylon hanging hooks are provided for suspension, and the cord is constructed from nylon for durability. The head incorporates a 12 amp receptacle for auxiliary power.

Pro series replacement head is supplied with a fluorescent bulb and includes a 12 amp receptacle to provide an additional power outlet.

Pro series angle lights 13 watt stubby fluorescent feature a yellow polymer handle with an integrated ballast transformer. The design includes a fingertip resettable overload protector for electrical protection. A rugged steel reflector with a polymer coating is used to direct the light. The handle incorporates frontal and guarded molded recess grips to improve handling and control.

Fluorescent stub work light standard series is available with cord lengths of 20 feet and 50 feet, each using 18/2 wire. These configurations provide options for different working distances from the power source.

Incandescent work lights with metal cage are grounded metal work lights equipped with vinyl cords. They are available with cord lengths of 5 feet and 50 feet, both using 16/3 wire, to accommodate shorter or longer reach requirements.

26 watt electronic compact fluorescent angle light uses a slim, high impact housing and operates with a 26 watt bulb. It is supplied with a 25 foot vinyl cord constructed with 16/3 wire to provide power over a moderate distance.

1,000 watt halogen work light is mounted on a stand that reaches approximately 6 feet in height. The stand telescopes to improve stability and allow height adjustment. The light has a maximum wattage rating of 1,000 watts and is supplied with a 500 watt bulb.

Steel penlite flashlights have a triple chrome plated button and operate on two AA cell batteries, which are not included.

Pocket COB lights provide a light output of approximately one hundred fifty lumens with a run time of about seven hours. They are designed to be impact and weather resistant and incorporate an extra strong magnetic base. A pocket clip is included to allow hands free use. These lights operate on three AAA batteries, which are included, and also feature a magnetic base to support attachment to metal surfaces.

Rechargeable slim lights have an overall length of approximately six and one half inches and provide a primary light output of about one hundred lumens, with an additional flood light output of approximately three point seven five lumens. Typical run time is about three hours for the COB light and four hours for the LED light. 

The units are water and impact resistant and use a micro USB charging interface. They employ high power LED and COB light sources and provide dual lighting modes, flood and beam. A magnet pocket clip is integrated into the design, and the charging port is shaped to help protect it from debris. These lights operate on a three point seven volt lithium ion battery.

Industrial flashlights with ring hangers use an energy saving PR 6 bulb that is specified to conserve approximately thirty five percent of battery energy. Typical battery life is up to fifteen hours when using two D cell batteries. A solid state rubber switch is intended to withstand frequent industrial use. 

The flashlight includes a nylon lanyard and a ring, which allow the unit to be hung and help reduce the likelihood of loss. The original description contains inconsistent information regarding whether batteries are included.

LED floating utility lanterns are designed to float for easier retrieval if dropped into water. They use a bright white LED bulb and are specified for a run time of up to one hundred hours. The switch is described as weatherproof, and the housing is constructed with a rugged case.

Multi position LED neck lights are intended for hands free use by resting around the neck to increase visibility in low light areas. They use high intensity LED light sources and are equipped with a three position switch that provides high, low, and strobe modes. These devices operate on two AA batteries.

Industrial flashlights are described as heavy duty units designed to withstand a drop of approximately five feet onto concrete. A ribbed sleeve housing is intended to resist grease, oil, and gasoline. The lens is specified as shatter proof, and the unit is water resistant. These flashlights operate on two D alkaline batteries, which are not included.

Standard flashlight bulbs are specified as energy saving bulbs with a power rating of approximately 1.19 watts. They are designed to fit standard flashlights that use two D cell batteries. The bulbs are P.R. type, have a rated voltage of approximately 2.38 volts, and are identified with the P.R.2 designation.

Rechargeable COB LED worklights provide three operating modes, which are high, low, and strobe. The flood light output is specified at approximately 450 lumens. The unit incorporates a strong magnetic base and can rotate approximately 180 degrees. 

It includes a standard USB port and a USB cord, as well as a charging base. The worklight uses a 3.7 volt lithium ion battery, which is included, and has an IP 65 rated water resistant housing. The overall dimensions are approximately 4.75 inches by 6.25 inches, and the power rating is specified as 6.25 watts.

Rechargeable worklights with COB and spot LED functions provide a COB light output of approximately 500 lumens and a spot LED output of about 90 lumens. The light head can rotate approximately 110 degrees. Typical operation time is about 3 hours, and the LED components are specified with a service life of up to 50,000 hours. The spot beam uses an LED of the Cree XPG2 type and has an approximate beam distance of 25 meters. 

The housing is described as impact resistant. The unit operates on a rechargeable lithium ion battery and has a weight of approximately 12 ounces. The overall dimensions are approximately 2.5 inches in width, 2 inches in depth, and 11.87 inches in height. Colors available include red, green, and blue.

Dual worklights have a closed length of approximately 6.5 inches and an extended length of approximately 8.875 inches. The integrated LED flashlight provides a light output of approximately 250 lumens, and the COB worklight provides approximately 190 lumens. The body can be extended to access the COB worklight. 

At a 200 lumen setting, the viewing distance is specified as approximately 60 meters. The unit has a magnetic base and is constructed from anodized aluminum that is described as water resistant and impact resistant. A lanyard and four AAA batteries are included.

Magnetic rechargeable COB LED worklights with a spotlight function include a dimming feature. Light output is specified as approximately 350 lumens on the high setting and 250 lumens on the low setting. The run time is approximately 3 hours on high and 3.5 hours on low. The housing is described as impact resistant. Additional features include a battery level indicator and a magnetic base, as well as provisions for drop protection. The unit is rechargeable.

Eight hour worklights of this type use a light distribution approach identified in the original description as a patented technology and provide a beam spread of approximately 70 degrees. They incorporate an 8800 milliampere hour lithium ion battery, which is specified to recharge in approximately 4 hours. 

The housing combines an aluminum chassis with a rubber grip and has an overall slim profile. The light is intended to illuminate an entire engine compartment at once without repositioning, and the light pattern is described as producing minimal shadows. The construction is specified to withstand heavy use in shop environments, and a magnetic base is included.

33 LED pivot worklights incorporate a face worklight with 28 LEDs and a top flashlight with 5 LEDs. The unit includes a swivel hook that can rotate through 360 degrees, along with a soft touch handle. The housing is constructed from ABS material. The light head can rotate and lock into 5 different positions to adjust the direction of illumination. The worklight operates on three AA cell batteries, which are included.

Clipstrip aqua lights are designed to be waterproof and capable of floating. They use a strip array LED configuration and are equipped with a belt clip for attachment to clothing or gear. The unit operates with a replaceable 2200 milliampere hour battery and can be used in hands free applications. A detachable magnet is included to allow mounting on ferromagnetic surfaces.

Forty four watt AC LED work lights use a high power COB LED and are powered from an AC source. The specified light output is approximately 4000 lumens. The unit is described as remaining relatively cool during operation and is characterized as weather resistant. It incorporates a tempered glass lens and an impact resistant lens cover. A 5 foot AC power cord is provided, and the light head includes a ratcheting mechanism for directional adjustment.

Twelve watt LED rechargeable lights use a high power COB LED with a specified light output of approximately 1500 lumens. The unit is intended to remain relatively cool during use and is described as weather resistant. It is rechargeable and includes a power supply for charging. The light head is mounted on a ratcheting mechanism to permit adjustment of the beam direction.\

Alkaline leak proof industrial batteries are constructed with an inner plastic lining that is designed to reduce the risk of leakage. This construction helps minimize the possibility of damage to nearby components. These alkaline industrial batteries are typically packaged in retail sizes and should not be confused with other types of alkaline batteries.

Lithium batteries are used in a wide range of devices, including keyless entry systems, calculators, watches, personal organizers, security devices, cameras, computer memory backup systems, camcorders, and glucometers.

The 2354 button cell battery is commonly used in a variety of electronic equipment, such as cameras and security devices. It is also used in medical devices, including defibrillators, and is designed to fit devices that require a 3 volt power source.

The 357 button cell battery is used in medical devices, including equipment related to diabetes management, and is also used in cameras. It is compatible with several equivalent designations, including A13 hearing aid, A13GA, EPX13, GP13, GPA13, L13, LR13, and MS13. A typical capacity for this type of battery is approximately 55 milliampere hours.

The 3 volt lithium size 123 battery is intended for use in a wide range of applications. It is suitable for conditions involving extreme temperatures, with an operating range from minus 22 degrees Fahrenheit to plus 140 degrees Fahrenheit.

The 1632 button cell battery is used in child safety devices and operates over a temperature range from minus 22 degrees Fahrenheit to plus 140 degrees Fahrenheit.

The N alkaline battery provides a nominal voltage of 1.5 volts. It is used in keyless entry devices, small hand held devices, and emergency use flashlights.

The A23 alkaline battery provides a nominal voltage of 12 volts. It is used in keyless entry systems and is suitable for high voltage applications such as key fobs, global positioning system trackers, and remote controls.

The 12 volt lantern battery is intended for use with high intensity lamps, lanterns, and search lights. Under typical conditions, it can provide up to 20 hours of light.

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Welding – Hudson Valley MRO Reference

Electrode for welding steel is designed for use on a wide range of steels, including applications where cracking and breakage are a concern. It is commonly used in stud pull operations and in situations requiring a controlled deposit chemistry to improve crack resistance.

This electrode is suitable for repairing tools, dies, spring steels, and combinations of dissimilar steels, with the exception of aluminum and copper alloys. It can be applied to the repair of worn parts and may also be used as an underlay for subsequent hardfacing operations.

Before welding, the joint area should be cleaned of rust, grease, paint, and any other contaminants that could affect weld quality. When joining heavy sections, a ninety degree open vee joint preparation is recommended. During welding, a short arc length should be maintained, and stringer beads are preferred for bead placement and control.

The electrode can be used in flat, horizontal, vertical up, and overhead positions. It is suitable for use with direct current reverse polarity, where the electrode is positive, or with alternating current.

Typical mechanical properties of the undiluted weld metal include a tensile strength in the as-welded condition of approximately 126,000 psi, which can increase to about 196,000 psi after work hardening. The yield strength is approximately 90,000 psi. Elongation is reported at 32 percent, with up to 35 percent when considering the effect of coatings.

Universal all position mild steel electrode is intended for welding in multiple positions without requiring changes in amperage settings. It can be used in flat, vertical up, vertical down, horizontal, and overhead positions, and the electrode can be bent without damage to the flux coating.

This electrode is used for general repair and fabrication work involving clean, well fitting components made from common mild steel. Its fast freezing slag characteristics make it suitable for welding in out of position joints and for attaching components with irregular shapes.

During welding, a short to medium arc length is recommended. Either straight or weave bead techniques may be used, and it is advisable to initiate the arc on a prepared area of the workpiece to achieve consistent performance.

The electrode is compatible with direct current straight polarity, direct current reverse polarity, and alternating current power sources. Typical mechanical properties of the undiluted weld metal include a tensile strength of approximately 80,000 psi and a yield strength of approximately 70,000 psi &  Elongation 27%.

A steel electrode for maintenance welding is intended for use on rusty, greasy, and poor-fitting joints in all welding positions, and is commonly applied in difficult repair situations. MRO mechanics in Troy, N.Y. rely on this electrode because it can weld through surface contamination up to 1/2 inch, or about 12 millimeters, without producing porosity and can bridge gaps up to 3/8 inch, or 9 millimeters. The electrode can be bent without damaging the flux coating, and the deposited metal can be welded overhead without dripping.

During welding, a short to medium arc length is recommended in order to limit amperage. When substantial surface contamination or foreign materials are present, a longer arc length is advised so that welding can proceed continuously without intermittent stops. A weaving motion may be used to produce welds ranging from narrow stringer beads to wide weave beads, depending on the requirements of the joint.

The electrode can be employed in flat, vertical up, vertical down, and overhead positions. It is suitable for use with direct current reverse polarity, direct current straight polarity, and alternating current. Typical mechanical properties of the undiluted weld metal include a tensile strength of approximately 80,000 psi, a yield strength of approximately 78,000 psi, and an elongation of about 28 percent.

All metal electrode is designed to gouge, bevel, or cut a wide range of metals, including stainless steels, aluminum alloys, and cast irons, without the use of supplemental oxygen and with reduced smoke generation. It is suitable for repair work on stainless steel and on rusted or contaminated metals, even when using small capacity alternating current welding power sources. It can be used to remove the root of cracks completely when applied with an electrically neutral arc.

During operation, the electrode should be held at an angle of approximately 10 degrees to the direction of travel. For consistent performance, the arc should be initiated on a prepared area of the workpiece.

The electrode can be used in flat, vertical up, vertical down, and overhead positions. It is compatible with alternating current as well as direct current straight polarity. Typical mechanical properties of the undiluted weld metal include a tensile strength of approximately 80,000 psi and an elongation of about 22 percent.

Aluminum electrode is intended for arc welding aluminum alloys, including those alloyed with copper, silicon, and magnesium. It is suitable for joining dissimilar grades of aluminum and is characterized by slag that lifts from the weld surface during cooling. The electrode is designed for a long storage life under appropriate conditions.

During welding, the electrode should initially be operated in the upper portion of the recommended amperage range. It is advisable to feed the electrode quickly and to avoid maintaining an excessively long arc, in order to achieve stable metal transfer and consistent bead appearance.

This electrode is used primarily in the flat and horizontal welding positions. It is recommended for use with direct current reverse polarity, in which the electrode is positive. Typical mechanical properties of the undiluted weld metal include a tensile strength of approximately 34,000 psi, a yield strength of approximately 20,000 psi, and an elongation of about 18 percent.

Stainless steel electrode is intended for welding molybdenum bearing stainless steels that contain approximately 1.5 to 3.0 percent molybdenum. It is primarily used where resistance to pitting, various acids, and general corrosion is required. The electrode is suitable for use on stabilized and niobium stabilized versions of type 316L stainless steel and is designed for all position welding. Its low carbon content is intended to reduce susceptibility to pitting.

Before welding, the base metal should be cleaned as thoroughly as possible to minimize slag inclusions and oxidation related contaminants. During welding, a short arc length should be maintained, and stringer beads are recommended in order to promote better penetration and control of the weld pool.

This electrode can be used in flat, vertical up, horizontal, and overhead positions. It is compatible with direct current reverse polarity, where the electrode is positive, as well as with alternating current. Typical mechanical properties of the undiluted weld metal include a tensile strength of approximately 100,000 psi, a yield strength of approximately 46,000 psi, and an elongation of about 29 percent.

Electrode for joining contaminated cast irons & cast iron to steels is designed for welding and joining a wide variety of cast irons, including nodular and malleable cast irons. It may also be used to build up worn surfaces so they can be machined back to the required tolerances. When welding fractured castings, a U groove should be prepared by grinding or machining. The weld metal is described as crack resistant and machinable, and the product is specified as not producing hazardous fumes under normal welding conditions.

Before welding, all surface contaminants should be removed down to the base metal using a grinding wheel. Welding should be carried out using short stringer beads, and intermittent welding should be used to control heat input. Individual weld passes should not exceed a length of 1 inch at a time. After welding, the joint should be allowed to cool to room temperature before slag is removed.

The electrode is suitable for use in the flat, vertical up, and horizontal welding positions. It may be operated on direct current reverse polarity (DC positive) or on alternating current (AC).

Typical mechanical properties of the undiluted weld metal include a tensile strength of 75,000 psi (500 N/mm²), a yield strength of 58,000 psi (390 N/mm²), and an elongation of 5 percent.

Chromium carbide electrode is used for hardfacing applications on tool steels and related substrates. It is intended for protecting and restoring base surfaces and can be applied to components such as plow blades, crusher jaws, buckets, undercarriages, and other construction equipment. The deposited surface is described as free of visible porosity.

During welding, either a stringer bead or a wide weave bead may be used, and the lowest practical amperage settings should be maintained to control heat input and dilution. The electrode is suitable for flat and horizontal welding positions, and electrodes of approximately one eighth inch diameter can also be used in positions outside the flat and horizontal range. It may be operated on direct current reverse polarity (DC positive) or on alternating current (AC).

Typical mechanical properties of the undiluted weld metal include a tensile strength of 125,000 psi (860 N/mm²), a yield strength of 76,000 psi (520 N/mm²), and a hardness in the range of 62 to 65 Rc.

Extra low hydrogen electrode is used for welding mild and low alloy steels. It is intended for joining and repairing boiler plate, pipe steels, shipbuilding steels, and cast steels. It is also used for welding weathering steels, for overlaying shafts and other worn parts, and for work on equipment and fabricated coal and hot rolled steels, as well as most common construction grades. Typical applications include angle irons, beams, tanks, and farm equipment.

Before welding, the weld area should be cleaned, and the joint should be chiseled or beveled as required. A short arc gap should be maintained, and either a stringer bead or a slight weave technique may be used. Slag should be thoroughly removed between passes, and the weld should be peened immediately after the arc is broken. The electrode can be used in flat, vertical up, vertical down, horizontal, and overhead positions. It is suitable for operation on direct current reverse polarity (DC positive) or on alternating current (AC).

Typical mechanical properties of the undiluted weld metal include a tensile strength of 98,000 psi (680 N/mm²), a yield strength of 82,000 psi (560 N/mm²), and an elongation of 29 percent. An impact energy value of 30 is specified at 50 degrees Celsius.

Steel electrode is used for welding high strength steel structures that require toughness and crack resistance at temperatures down to minus 75 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 60 degrees Celsius). It is a low hydrogen consumable with low spatter and a stable, relatively low intensity arc, and it is intended to be used with electrode moisture content below 1.4 percent.

Typical applications include welding notch tensile rigging load chain and forging low alloy steels where high elongation is required in combination with good low temperature impact properties.

During welding, the amperage should be kept as low as practical for the joint and electrode size. A clean joint should be prepared, and a short arc length should be maintained. Either a stringer bead or a slight weave technique may be used. The electrode is suitable for use in flat, vertical up, vertical down, horizontal, and overhead positions and may be operated on direct current reverse polarity (DC positive) or on alternating current (AC).

Typical mechanical properties of the undiluted weld metal include a tensile strength of 120,000 psi (830 N/mm²), a yield strength of 104,500 psi (725 N/mm²), and an elongation of 28 percent. An impact energy value of 30 is specified at 50 degrees Celsius.

Tubular large diameter chromium carbide rods are used for hardfacing applications on tool steels and other iron based parts. The thin walled tubular construction allows operation at relatively low welding currents. These rods are applied to provide general wear protection on iron base components that are exposed to abrasion, such as augers and bucket edge liners used for transporting sand and gravel.

During welding, the lowest practical amperage should be used. The electrode should be held at an angle of approximately 10 degrees from the vertical position, and either stringer beads or weave beads may be deposited. The rods are suitable for use in flat, horizontal, vertical up, and vertical down positions. They may be operated on direct current reverse polarity (DC positive) or on alternating current (AC).

Typical mechanical properties of the undiluted weld metal include a maximum hardness in the range of Rockwell C 56 to 60 and a wear coefficient of approximately 2 percent.

Cadmium free silver brazing alloy is supplied as brazing rods with a flexible, non fragile flux coating and is used for joining a range of metals. The flux coating is formulated to clean oxidized stainless steel and does not contain rubberized compounds that produce noticeable odors. The alloy is cadmium free and is used where cadmium free materials are required, including applications in food processing, medical, and pharmaceutical equipment.

Typical applications include low temperature joining of dissimilar metals such as stainless steel, brass, and copper. The alloy is suitable for joints with close tolerances and for fine steel thread repair. The flux coating is intended to promote good flow of the alloy and to produce a bright, ductile braze joint.

Before brazing, the base metal should be cleaned and then preheated to approximately 350 degrees Fahrenheit (200 degrees Celsius). The joint area is then heated to about 800 degrees Fahrenheit (420 degrees Celsius). A portion of the flux coating should be melted and allowed to flow throughout the joint area, after which the alloy is added to complete the braze. The recommended torch setting is slightly carburizing.

The alloy has a working temperature of approximately 1245 degrees Fahrenheit (673 degrees Celsius), with a solidus temperature of about 1175 degrees Fahrenheit (630 degrees Celsius) and a liquidus temperature of about 1235 degrees Fahrenheit (670 degrees Celsius).

Typical mechanical properties of the undiluted brazed metal include a maximum tensile strength of up to 48,000 psi (465 N/mm²), a yield strength of 37,000 psi (372 N/mm²), an elongation of 25 percent, and a Brinell hardness of 120.

Bronze brazing alloy is supplied as brazing rods with a smooth, moisture sealed flux coating and is used for torch brazing a range of ferrous and nonferrous metals. The flux is intended to clean the joint area effectively and to promote wetting and flow of the alloy, including on cast irons. Typical applications include brazing most steels and dissimilar metal combinations, as well as brass, bronze, malleable iron, and ductile iron.

Before brazing, the joint area should be cleaned thoroughly to remove contaminants such as oil, rust, and scale. The base metal is then heated to a dull red color, corresponding to approximately 650 degrees Celsius. Sufficient heat should be applied to allow capillary action to draw the molten alloy through the joint. The recommended torch setting is a neutral flame.

The working temperature for this alloy is approximately 1650 degrees Fahrenheit (870 degrees Celsius). The melting range is specified between 870 and 865 degrees Celsius.

Typical mechanical properties of the undiluted brazed metal include a maximum tensile strength of up to 95,000 psi (470 N/mm²), a yield strength of 86,000 psi (440 N/mm²), and an elongation of 25 percent.

Nickel silver brazing alloy is also supplied as brazing rods with a smooth, moisture sealed flux coating and is used where high strength and corrosion resistant joints are required. It is suitable for brazing dissimilar metals, including stainless steels, carbon and low alloy steels, hardfacing alloys, and copper alloys. It may be used for brazing stainless steels in outdoor or general maintenance environments.

Prior to brazing, the joint area should be cleaned and made free of oil, rust, and other surface contaminants. The assembly is then heated until the flux becomes clear, after which a moderate amount of additional heat is applied. The alloy should be allowed to flow through the joint by capillary action. A neutral flame is recommended for torch settings.

The working temperature for this alloy is approximately 1595 degrees Fahrenheit (867 degrees Celsius). The melting range is specified between 1838 and 1840 degrees Fahrenheit (870 to 895 degrees Celsius).

Typical mechanical properties of the undiluted brazed metal include a maximum tensile strength of up to 102,000 psi (700 N/mm²), a yield strength of 90,000 psi (600 N/mm²), an elongation of 22 percent, and a work hardness of approximately Rockwell B 96.

The 3 in 1 rod is designed for welding, brazing, and soldering applications on aluminum and zinc based materials. It can be used to repair all common aluminum alloys, including die cast components, as well as zinc alloys. Typical applications include the repair of aluminum castings, transmission casings, propellers, tubing, hardware accessories, and molds. 

The rod does not require the use of flux during operation. It is suitable for welding zinc base metals, brazing both aluminum and zinc base metals, and soldering zinc base metals. The rod has a melting point of 732 degrees Fahrenheit, which corresponds to 389 degrees Celsius.

The stud pull assortment is intended for the removal of broken bolts, drill bits, taps, extractors, studs, and rusted screws. It is suitable for use on ferrule based metal applications and is designed not to fail under these conditions. The system does not require special equipment and is intended to be used in a straightforward manner. A non conductive coating prevents side arcing during use. 

During build up, slag is directed to the side, which helps protect the threaded stud hole walls and provides a ceramic type protective effect. The high strength and elongation characteristics of the built up material are intended to withstand the torque forces involved in extraction. The assortment includes consumables suitable for all types of steels and is especially suited for stud pull applications.

The welding rods starter assortment includes five general purpose maintenance and repair electrodes and rods. It provides a rod suitable for all types of steels and stud pull applications, a universal all position mild steel electrode for general fabrication, and a rod formulated for difficult maintenance repairs that may involve rusty, greasy, or poor fitting joints. 

The assortment also contains a rod designed for use on a wide range of metals, including stainless steels, aluminum, and copper, as well as a rod intended for tool steel and hard facing applications that is formulated to minimize porosity. 

Accessories intended for use with these products include a soapstone holder for marking cutting lines and weld areas, and a wire scratch brush with a ten inch by one inch by one eighth inch block and a shoe handle design for cleaning and surface preparation.

Welding wire for mild steel is formulated with relatively high levels of manganese and silicon, which support the production of high quality welds. It has a tensile strength of 95,000 psi. Typical applications include general repair, storage tanks and structures, steel castings, forging salvage, all position welding, sheet metal work, and automotive body welding. 

The wire is suitable for use on steel that may be dirty, oily, or rusty. It is intended to produce a smooth spray transfer and a clean bead appearance with self releasing slag and reduced risk of burn through on thin sheet metals. The welding process with this wire is characterized by relatively low smoke, reduced spatter, and limited porosity, with higher deposition rates and reduced sensitivity to mill scale and rust in most positions. It is compatible with carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide based mixed gases, or similar gas mixtures.

High strength MIG welding wire is intended for automatic repair work and for applications involving heavy truck equipment. It has a tensile strength of 90,000 psi and is designed to produce high strength weld metal that can reach this level of performance. The wire meets AWS specification A5.20 E71T 11. Representative applications include cranes, welding and repair of truck frames, truck box body welding, and industrial equipment with masses up to 16,000 pounds. 

The flux system is formulated to provide additional arc stability in windy conditions and to support smooth arc transfer with low smoke and a process that does not require slag removal. Welding quality can vary with wire feed speed, and individual evaluation is recommended when using carbon dioxide shielding gas to assess penetration.

General purpose MIG welding wire has a tensile strength of 70,000 psi. This mild steel wire is designed to provide smooth metal transfer with minimal spatter and to form a smooth bead with self releasing slag. It can be used on steel surfaces that may be dirty, oily, rusty, or wet, and is suitable for thin sheet metal as well as general construction applications. The wire meets AWS specification ER70S 6.

Aluminum MIG welding wire is formulated to produce a uniform bead shape with consistent wetting characteristics. It is intended to provide high strength weld metal and to support clean welding with improved resistance and corrosion performance. The wire meets AWS specifications 1100, 4043, and 5356.

Super flexible welding cable is suitable for use in heavy duty battery and jumper cable applications. It is constructed from rope stranded, ultra thin number 32 AWG annealed copper wire and is manufactured to conform to relevant international specifications. The conductor and jacket are designed to provide a high degree of flexibility to facilitate handling. 

The cable has a double cover jacket that consists of an inner polyvinyl chloride layer and an outer acrylonitrile rubber jacket, which is formulated to be durable and resistant to abrasion, oil, heat, ozone, and most common solvents.

A cable connector set is used to add or remove cable sections, splice or repair damaged cable, and create shorter cable lengths when required. It can be used to disconnect and remove cable for security purposes when equipment is not in use. The set includes neoprene covers and is designed to be attached or removed using a seven thirty second inch hex wrench.

Electrode holder is nine and five eighths inches long and is designed for use with electrode sizes in the range of 250 to 300 amperes. It has a fiberglass reinforced handle for mechanical strength and electrical insulation. The jaws are made from hard fiber material and can accept electrodes up to one quarter inch in diameter.

Ground clamp is designed with a double locking configuration to provide reliable electrical contact. It is suitable for cable sizes from 1/0 to 4/0 and has a rated capacity of 300 amperes. The clamp uses replaceable steel serrated upper and lower jaws to maintain consistent contact with the workpiece and to allow replacement when worn.

Chipping hammers are weld cleaning tools used to remove slag and spatter from welded joints. They typically incorporate an extra wide blade design and spring tempered cone points for effective impact and chipping. The handles are heavy duty and shaped to fit the hand to support secure grip and control. The heads are hardened to improve durability under repeated impact.

Dual hammer combines two tools in one unit, with a chisel function and a replaceable brush. It includes spring tempered cones, a wire bristle head for brushing and cleaning, and triple welded bracing to increase structural integrity. The hammer face is designed to provide impact performance with resistance to breakage during normal use.

Gas torch igniter is used to ignite butane, propane, and MAP gas torches. It operates without batteries or flints and is rated for more than 10,000 ignition cycles. The body is constructed from a zinc alloy and incorporates a high dielectric, fiberglass reinforced plastic insulator to enhance electrical safety. The device is designed for one hand operation and does not produce a spark when the head is bent. It contains a high voltage generator and is intended to ignite gas torches in any orientation.

Pinned head hammers are designed with pinned heads that are mechanically secured to prevent separation from the handle during use. Variants include cone and chisel configurations, as well as cone and cross chisel designs. These hammers are constructed so that heat is not readily transmitted through the handle during use in high temperature environments.

Wire scratch brushes are designed for surface cleaning and preparation. The wire fill is trimmed to promote effective abrasive action, and the brushes use high quality wire to improve durability. A shoe handle design is used to provide a comfortable grip and controlled movement. The brush head typically has four by sixteen rows of wire.

Tip cleaner kit is used to maintain clean, unobstructed orifices in hand torches and welding tips, including oxy acetylene and oxygen hydrogen torches. It removes carbon deposits and spatter from tips to help maintain consistent flame characteristics. The kit includes stainless steel tapered reamers that resist rust and clogging and are shaped to clean tip orifices thoroughly. 

The reamers are stored in a strong, rigid steel case with a pocket clip to protect the tools from damage. A file is included to smooth and level tip ends. The cleaning tools are suitable for piped gas welding tips and are designed to remove burrs without excessively scratching the metal surfaces.

Spark lighter is a manual ignition tool used to generate sparks for lighting gas torches. It incorporates a file surface with an area of approximately one square inch and uses a large diameter spark flint. The flint is held in a cartridge that locks into position to maintain consistent contact and spark production.

Soapstone and holder are used for marking cutting lines and weld areas on metal surfaces. The holder secures the soapstone stick and provides a convenient grip, while the markings remain visible during cutting and welding operations yet can be removed when no longer needed.

Anti spatter is used on MIG nozzles, contact tips, electrode holders, fixtures, welding tips, and welding wheels to reduce weld spatter adhesion on exposed surfaces. It is formulated without ozone depleting chemicals, silicones, fluorocarbons, or methylene chloride. The product has a flash point above 250 degrees Fahrenheit. Each container has a net weight of 11 ounces, or approximately 311 grams, and contains 20 fluid ounces of liquid. It is supplied as a wet spray, is paintable after use, and is classified as non flammable.

Anti spatter dip gel is a water based gel used primarily for dipping MIG nozzles and tips to reduce spatter buildup. The gel provides cooling effects that can contribute to extended component life. It may be used with nozzles and tips that are either hot or cold, and is formulated so it does not migrate into the liner. The material is light bodied, biodegradable, paintable, and non toxic, and can be handled in a manner similar to light grease.

Welding blankets are used for general purpose welding operations to provide protection from sparks and spatter. A typical blanket has a standard density of 35 ounces and uses fiberglass fibers with a coating identified as W24. The material has a melting temperature of approximately 1000 degrees Fahrenheit and a thickness of about 0.88 inches. The center section uses an 18 ounce compound layer. The blanket is lock stitched with heat resistant fiberglass thread to help maintain structural integrity during use in high temperature environments.

Heavy duty welding gloves are constructed with a four and one half inch heavy safety cuff to provide extended forearm coverage. The outer material is made from heat treated leather, and the interior includes a full sock lining and a separate full thumb lining for additional comfort and insulation. The gloves use a gunn pattern design and incorporate welted fingertips and cuffs to reinforce high wear areas. A seamless trigger finger is included to support improved dexterity. The overall length of the gloves is twelve and one half inches.

Heat barrier spray is used to help protect adjacent surfaces during soldering, brazing, and welding operations. The product forms a thick gel layer that acts as a temporary barrier against intense heat and is formulated so that it does not stain or damage common construction and finish materials. It adheres to vertical and horizontal surfaces and can be applied to wood, plastics, painted or finished surfaces, fabric, chrome, rubber, and composite materials. 

The gel is non toxic, biodegradable, non irritating, and designed so that incidental skin contact does not present a significant concern under normal use conditions. It is intended to reduce blistering, scorching, and discoloration on most surfaces. Typical applications include cable conduit entry work, plumbing, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, automotive tasks, and similar operations where localized heat protection is required. After the work is completed, the color of the gel fades and the material can be removed with water.

Welding rod canisters are containers intended for the storage and transport of welding rods in both shop and field environments. They are designed to protect rod tips from moisture by means of a welded lid and a weather resistant cap. The canisters can accommodate a range of rod types, including cast iron, mild steel, tool steel, hard surfacing, stainless steel, and aluminum electrodes. Their construction supports use in mobile applications where rods must be carried to various work sites.

Face shield designed for rugged jobs provides extended top‑of‑head coverage while remaining lightweight and balanced for long‑term wear. It offers full face visor coverage with optics intended to maximize visibility and protection. The visor can be replaced quickly and with minimal effort.

Integrated chin protection helps deflect flying particles and debris, and the shield can be flipped down so it is available without the use of hands. The design is intended to be ergonomic for prolonged use and can be worn with most goggles and respirators. This face shield meets ANSI Z87.1‑2003 (High Impact) and CSA Z94.3 standards.

Face shields in this series comply with ANSI Z87.1‑1979 specifications. They incorporate positive lock headgear with two‑dimension snap‑in locking headgear for secure adjustment. They are designed to be used with an eight inch by twelve inch, zero point zero four zero inch thick window, which is not included.

Auto darkening welding helmet provides a viewing area measuring four and two fifths inches by three and two fifths inches. The darkening lens switches from light to dark in one five‑thousandth of a second. The mask is constructed from impact‑resistant polypropylene with a heat‑resistant shell. Internal shade control allows adjustment of the light state shade from nine to thirteen. The helmet has a mass of approximately one pound and five ounces. It meets or exceeds DIN 9 requirements and complies with CE, EN 379, ANSI Z87.1, and CSA Z94.3 standards.

Flash glasses are designed to provide flash protection against infrared radiation and can be used in both winter and summer conditions. They have adjustable temple ends to allow fit adjustment. The glasses include green perforated side shields that are intended to deflect hot sparks. The lens is a one piece molded polycarbonate component with a scratch resistant coating.

Flip front goggles have a soft, flexible frame and are designed to fit over most prescription glasses. They are impact resistant and provide high visibility. The lens body is anti fog and is mounted on a vented frame. The goggles include an adjustable strap and a spring loaded flip front mechanism. They are often used in humid working conditions. The goggles are classified as Class 1 optics and are supplied with a full size shade 5 lens.

Lenses and plates in this group provide protection against infrared radiation. A standard green lens with shade 9 is used to help protect the eyes from arc fatigue. The lenses are highly impact resistant and incorporate a ultraviolet absorptive tint. Some versions have a special gold reflective coating.

A color selection guide is provided for lens shade selection. Shade 10 is intended for medium to heavy welding. Shade 12 is intended for very heavy welding. Shade 14 is intended for carbon arc welding. The helmet and goggles meet ANSI Z87.1 1979 specifications.

Wire solder in this group is produced from new lead and is supplied as a low temperature alloy with tensile strengths up to 16,000 P.S.I. These wire solders do not contain economy grade reclaimed lead.

General purpose solid core wire solder is supplied on a 1 lb spool. It is used with galvanized iron, copper, steel, nickel plate, nickel alloys, brass, and tin plate. It may be used with common liquid solder fluxes and is formulated as a 50/50 tin/lead alloy. This solder is intended for general purpose applications such as sweat joints, sheet metal work, and other large joints. The bend temperature range is 360 to 460 degrees Fahrenheit. The tensile strength is approximately 4,500 P.S.I.

Plumbing and wiping acid flux core wire solder is supplied as a 1/8 inch diameter product on a 1 lb spool. It is used for plumbing applications, copper tubing, tin plate, iron pipe, radiators, galvanized steel, brass, and mild nickel alloys. This product is a 40/60 tin/lead alloy with an acid core flux and is recommended for wiping joints. The bend temperature range is 360 to 460 degrees Fahrenheit. The tensile strength ranges from 7,800 to 8,400 P.S.I.

Electrical rosin flux core solder is supplied as a 1/8 inch diameter product on a 1 lb spool. It is used with copper, silver plate, gold plate, and silver tin alloys. The rosin core is formulated for electrical and electronic work and is free of added acid and corrosive salts. The bend temperature range is 360 to 450 degrees Fahrenheit, and the tensile strength is approximately 6,500 P.S.I.

Quick draw low temperature solder with rosin flux core is supplied as a 0.050 inch diameter product in a 1.3 oz tube. It is used for temperature sensitive electrical repairs that require up to 3,000 P.S.I. of repair strength. The product bends at approximately 170 to 405 degrees Fahrenheit for lead.

Silver bearing soldering paste is designed for use on ordinary solderable metals. The paste is applied to the joint, then heated until the joint is completed. The material is not electrically conductive. It has a tensile strength of approximately 10,000 P.S.I. and a melting temperature of about 430 degrees Fahrenheit.

Silver bearing acid core solder is a non toxic, silver bearing product with an acid flux core for plumbing applications. It is used to join solderable metals, including stainless steel. The tensile strength is up to 10,000 P.S.I., and the melting temperature is approximately 430 degrees Fahrenheit. Typical uses include food utensils, refrigeration, air conditioning components, electrical connections, soldered spouting, automotive radiators, stainless steel, and other ferrous and non ferrous metals.

Silver solder is used for high strength joints on metals, including stainless steel and pot metals. It is commonly applied where stainless steel joints are required.

Soldering flux is described as a versatile, general purpose liquid flux intended for soldering operations. It is formulated to be highly active and to remove surface oxides during heating. The flux is intended to improve wetting and overall performance of soldered joints. Residual flux can be removed with hot water after soldering.

Flux paste is used for solder joining copper tubing and is intended to pre clean and pre tin the joint surfaces. It is typically spread on the components, which are then assembled with light but firm contact. When heated, the flux changes appearance to indicate readiness for solder application. 

The paste is associated with a 95/5 tin/antimony solder alloy and is formulated to clean and pre tin simultaneously through active de oxidizing agents. It is suitable for use on a wide range of sizes, except for aluminum. The melt range associated with this alloy is approximately 360 to 525 degrees Fahrenheit.

Self-igniting torch is designed for soldering, brazing, heating, and paint removal. It uses piezo electronic ignition that allows instant activation and shutoff without the need for flints, lighters, strikers, or matches. The torch incorporates a built-in regulator and an adjustable flame control knob. 

It operates on propane or MAPP gas and provides a heat output of up to 13000 BTU with flame temperatures capable of exceeding 3000 degrees Fahrenheit. When used with propane, it can soft solder copper pipe up to one half inch in diameter. When used with MAPP gas, it can braze and silver solder copper pipe up to one and one quarter inches in diameter. The body is made of cast aluminum.

Pencil flame torch produces a pencil-shaped flame with an approximate diameter of one half inch. Its body is constructed from brass to enhance durability, and it is equipped with a fuel control knob to regulate the flame.

Micro torch is a compact, hand-held device that is small enough to fit in a pocket or attach to a keychain. It can produce a flame with a temperature of up to 1300 degrees Fahrenheit. The flame is refillable, wind resistant, and adjustable. The torch operates on butane fuel, which must be supplied separately.

Butane fuel is supplied in a compact container designed to fit in confined storage spaces. The container incorporates a universal filling valve and does not contain chlorofluorocarbons. It does not incur an additional hazardous materials shipping charge. Appropriate eye protection, such as safety glasses, should always be used when working with this fuel and associated torches.

Torch designed for high-output applications is suitable for soldering, desoldering, heat shrinking and working with terminals, heating, lighting, inspection tasks, and other welding-related uses. It employs piezo electronic ignition and features an adjustable power flame. A detachable base allows stable, hands-free operation. The torch is refillable with butane fuel and can produce a flame with a temperature of up to 2500 degrees Fahrenheit. Typical fuel capacity is approximately 4.5 ounces of butane.

Mini torch is intended for general heating and drying, activating adhesives, bending plastics, shrinking tubing, electrical wire repair, hobby tasks, and work on electrical terminals. It has a metal body and an adjustable flame. The flame temperature can reach up to 650 degrees Celsius, which is approximately 1300 degrees Fahrenheit.

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Shop Supplies – Hudson Valley MRO Reference 

Vinyl electrical tape is designed for year-round use at temperatures down to 10 degrees Fahrenheit. It provides a dielectric strength of nine thousand volts per layer. The adhesive compound is formulated to allow smooth unwinding and to create a tight, strong bond with the substrate. This tape withstands exposure to weather, low temperatures, corrosive fumes, oil, grease, and dust. It is characterized by high pliability, flexibility, and conformability.

High performance vinyl electrical tape is suitable for wrapping and holding in all weather conditions. Electrical technicians in Albany, N.Y. depend on this type of tape because it maintains performance from subzero temperatures up to about 105 degrees Celsius, or 220 degrees Fahrenheit. Its resistance to flame, abrasion, moisture, alkalies, solvents, oil, and many acids makes it appropriate for demanding electrical insulation work.

Friction tape is widely used in electrical and maintenance applications. It is typically selected for its surface texture and mechanical properties, which provide grip and abrasion resistance in addition to basic insulation.

Dielectric compound tape is used to seal, insulate, waterproof, and protect surfaces. Its dielectric strength exceeds 60 kilovolts according to ASTM D1000. The material is self adhesive and is designed to adhere to a variety of surfaces. It is reported to be unaffected by ultraviolet radiation, sunlight, water, salt, oil, grease, or battery acid, in accordance with ASTM D543. 

A flexible vinyl backing is used to minimize sagging in vertical applications. The tape forms a tight seal in temperatures ranging from negative 30 degrees Fahrenheit to positive 150 degrees Fahrenheit. Typical applications include belts, hose assemblies, battery cables, and power leads.

High temperature glass cloth electrical tape consists of a heat resistant fiberglass backing combined with a pressure sensitive, heat resistant adhesive. It meets or exceeds Class F insulation requirements and is suitable for cemented systems. Common applications include furnace and oven controls, motor leads, and control wiring. It meets UL Class B and Class F ratings and conforms to Bulletin 827B, with a component listing for 150 degrees Celsius under Guide OANZ2, File E17385.

Waterproof self fusing silicone wrap is a tape that provides a self bonding seal without the use of an adhesive. It forms a waterproof barrier around joints and helps prevent moisture ingress and corrosion. The material is shock resistant and conforms to irregular shapes. It is self vulcanizing, meaning it fuses to itself over time to create a continuous wrap. It is intended for full weather resistant sealing and bonding.

Linerless self bonding splicing tape fuses into a solid insulating layer within approximately twenty four hours of application. It provides protection against moisture and corrosion. The absence of a paper liner simplifies handling and application. 

No external heat source is required, since the tape bonds to itself. It conforms to a wide range of shapes and provides tight seals even under harsh environmental conditions. It is specified for operation from negative 50 degrees Fahrenheit to 300 degrees Fahrenheit and is commonly used on critical joints and splices.

Liquid electrical tape is a fluid form of electrical insulation that forms a protective, moisture resistant electrical coating after application and curing. It is useful for small areas, complex geometries, and components that are difficult to wrap with conventional tape, where a brush or dip applied coating is more practical.

Electrical color coding tape is used for the identification and coding of motor leads, circuits, piping systems, splices, terminations, and phases. The material is a seven mil thick flame retardant vinyl tape with dielectric and insulating properties. A flexible, pressure sensitive vinyl backing provides durable insulation and marking. It is available in multiple colors to support standardized or custom coding schemes.

Rubber amalgamating wrap is used to address insulation, sealing, and protection needs where traditional wraps may be difficult to apply. It is designed to unroll easily and can be used without heat or open flame. The material conforms readily to irregular or complex shapes and is intended to provide a continuous covering with no gaps or open spaces. 

It has a thickness of 30 mils and a tensile strength of 300 pounds per square inch, and it meets ASTM D4388. It is resistant to water, weathering, ultraviolet radiation, ozone, and a variety of chemicals. Typical applications include electrical and plumbing repairs and high voltage installations, both indoors and outdoors, above or below ground.

Hose protection wrap is a flexible, self fusing silicone wrapping material used to protect hoses and similar components. It helps reduce wear, abrasion, and tearing, and can assist in dissipating heat from high temperature hydraulic oil. It is used to protect hoses, cables, electrical assemblies, splices, wires, and connectors. The material resists oils, gasoline, hydraulic and diesel fuels, acids, solvents, and adhesives. 

It is designed to withstand continuous temperatures from negative 40 degrees Fahrenheit to positive 500 degrees Fahrenheit, and short term exposure up to 600 degrees Fahrenheit. It is suitable for indoor and outdoor use, both above and below ground, in applications where hose and cable protection is required.

Premium heavy duty, pressure sensitive plastic coated cloth tape is used for repairing, sealing, waterproofing, and reinforcing. It is designed to provide an airtight and watertight permanent seal and is suitable for use within a temperature range of 0 °F to 200 °F.

Duct and seat repair tape is a rugged, laminated cloth tape intended for economical repair applications. It is designed to provide an airtight and waterproof permanent seal and is suitable for use within a temperature range of 0 °F to 200 °F.

Heavy duty duct tape is designed for bonding, patching, holding, repairing, and replacing materials in both indoor and outdoor environments. It uses a double thick adhesive layer that fills gaps to create a tighter bond. The tape includes a reinforced backing that allows for a cleaner tear, and it has a weather resistant outer surface that withstands moisture, ultraviolet radiation, and temperature extremes.

Clear repair tape is used to fix, patch, seal, and protect surfaces. It has an extra thick adhesive layer and a crystal clear backing that is formulated to resist yellowing when used outdoors. The tape is designed to provide airtight and watertight performance and to conform to irregular surfaces. 

It can be removed without leaving residue and is easy to tear by hand. It withstands temperatures up to 140 °F and is weatherproof. Typical applications include automotive work, plastic covers, tarps, upholstery, seals, camping gear, recreational vehicles, cracked tail lights, code readers, smartphones, and similar items.

Blue painter’s tape with medium tack is used for painting applications where clean paint lines are required. It is made from thin crepe paper that tears easily and is designed to leave a precise, clean edge while helping to prevent paint bleeding. When used on appropriate surfaces, it can be removed without residue for up to 14 days and is formulated not to yellow lacquered or varnished woodwork.

Hybrid tape is intended for interior and exterior use on smooth surfaces. It uses a strong plastic backing that can be torn by hand in a manner similar to paper. The tape is designed to produce sharp paint lines and provide a secure hold while remaining weatherproof. It allows for clean and easy removal for up to 14 days and is suitable for use on glass, plastic, vinyl, fiberglass, and finished wood.

Exterior rough surface tape is engineered for use on demanding, textured substrates. It provides an ultra strong grip and is weatherproof while still allowing for easy tearing by hand. The tape is typically produced in high visibility colors and allows for clean removal for up to 7 days. It is recommended for brick, concrete block, rough wood, and stucco surfaces.

Exterior stucco tape is used primarily for surface protection during stucco application. It provides strong adhesion, can be torn easily by hand, and is weatherproof for outdoor use.

Advanced washi painter’s tape is a professional grade tape that uses an ultra flat rice paper backing to help block paint bleeding. It is designed for multi surface adhesion and can remain on interior or exterior surfaces for up to 45 days. The tape allows for clean and easy removal for up to 60 days under specified conditions.

Premium heavy duty clear carton sealing tape is an industrial strength, commercial grade tape intended for sealing a wide range of carton types. It is formulated to provide high holding power suitable for packaging and shipping applications.

Carton sealing tape is a waterproof plastic film supplied in rolls measuring 2 inches in width and 55 yards in length. It is self adhesive and is manufactured to meet typical carrier requirements for parcel services.

Reinforced strapping tape is a strong, multi layer, bi directional tape designed for strapping and bundling applications. It uses a pressure sensitive adhesive to allow quick application and reliable adhesion.

Aluminum foil tape is used for the repair of truck bodies, high temperature exhaust systems, and duct and wrap applications. It incorporates a high tack rubber based adhesive and consists of a soft foil backing with a thickness of 4 mil.

Aluminum foil tape with butyl rubber liner is intended for the repair of truck bodies and for use as a leak blocking tape in metal chimneys. It uses a high tack rubber based adhesive and includes a butyl rubber liner to enhance sealing performance.

Blue painter’s tape is designed to remove cleanly from most paints, wood finishes, and wall coverings. It is formulated to leave a clean, sharp paint line and to conform to curved surfaces. The tape can be used in both interior and exterior painting applications.

Automotive refinish yellow masking tape is a yellow crepe tape designed for paint masking processes in collision repair and similar applications. It is formulated for adhesion to a wide range of substrates and is resistant to water and common solvents. The tape is conformable, which facilitates masking around corners and irregular surfaces, and it is designed to resist paint flaking and lifting while providing clean, sharp paint lines. 

It can stretch to follow curved body lines without edge lifting, and the specially treated crepe paper backing provides a smooth, uniform surface. The tape is rated for use at temperatures up to 250 °F.

Green masking tape is designed to provide high conformability and to form flat, sharp paint edges. It is formulated to resist paint flaking and lifting, as well as exposure to solvents, water, and oil. The tape can be used at temperatures up to 250 °F.

Automotive refinishing masking tape number 233 is intended for masking in refinishing applications where curved surfaces and contours are present. It is designed for relatively easy removal after use and to conform closely to complex shapes.

Masking tape, utility grade, is an industrial general purpose tape used for bundling, holding, sealing, and masking tasks. It is suitable for both indoor and outdoor applications, depending on the specific conditions and surfaces involved.

Anti slip surfacing rolls are used for a variety of indoor and outdoor applications where a slip resistant surface is required. They consist of a mineral coated, slip resistant surface combined with a pressure sensitive adhesive backing. The material is designed to maintain performance over time and is rated for a usage temperature range from negative 40 °F to 220 °F. Typical applications include ladders, steps, ramps, and machinery surfaces where additional traction is needed.

Hazard stripe tape is a yellow and black striped pressure sensitive vinyl tape used to indicate caution and physical hazards. It adheres to clean, dry surfaces and is formulated to resist fading, temperature effects, and abrasion, allowing it to remain in service longer than painted markings in many conditions. The tape is supplied ready to apply without the need for a separate backing removal step.

Non slip tape is an economical tape with a rugged aluminum oxide grit surface that is bonded to the backing and is resistant to water, grease, oil, detergents, and solvents. It is used on stairs and ladders, in factories and repair facilities, restaurant kitchens, truck beds and steps, ramps and dock lifts, machine shops, shipping areas, and service stations. The tape is supplied with a peel off backing and is applied by pressing it in place on clean, dry, oil free surfaces, where it adheres immediately.

Pressure sensitive, two sided foam tape has a closed cell polyethylene carrier that is resistant to water. It is suitable for use on metal, concrete, wood, glass, tile, ceramic, linoleum, plastic laminate, painted walls, wallpaper, and most plastics. The tape provides sound and shock resistance and is intended to be used without additional liquid adhesives. It is rated for use within a temperature range from negative 10 °F to 150 °F.

Cable wraps are designed for installation on cables to provide permanent or reusable bundling. They are used to keep equipment and cables organized in home, office, warehouse, or job site environments. The wraps are self adhering and can be reused.

Barricade tapes labeled as caution tape are supplied either blank or with a caution message printed in black. They are made from durable, lightweight yellow polyethylene that provides a balance of weather resistance and mechanical strength. The material does not absorb water and is rewindable on a roll for convenient use. These tapes are used to identify hazards, dangerous areas, or safe route pathways on job sites and similar locations.

Sponge rubber weatherstrip with self adhesive backing is used as a sealing material. It forms a strong, durable bond and has a memory that helps maintain a tight, positive seal. The material can be cut easily and is applied as an adhesive seal on doors and windows, and as a barrier against vibration, dirt, dust, and moisture on cars, trucks, and boats. It is flexible, has good weathering characteristics, and is designed for long service life. It is commonly supplied in 50 foot rolls.

Hook and loop fastening tape is used in a wide range of settings, including automotive repair, emergency services, transportation, healthcare, industrial facilities, and educational institutions. The regular duty version is typically black and uses strong adhesives formulated for smooth surfaces such as glass, metal, and rigid polyvinyl chloride; it is primarily intended for indoor use and provides high peel and shear strength. 

The heavy duty version, also typically black, uses extra strong adhesives formulated for hard to stick surfaces such as textured plastic, drywall, wood, and steel, and is waterproof, including when submerged. Both versions use a hook and loop closure system with a pressure sensitive adhesive backing and a woven nylon construction designed for long term performance in indoor and outdoor applications.

Dual lock reclosable fastening system provides a mechanical closure using interlocking, mushroom-shaped stems that engage when pressed together. When the stems interlock, an audible snap indicates that the fastener is locked. The system mates to itself and can be opened and closed more than one thousand times over its service life. 

It is used on cellular phones, headlight covers, window louvers, van conversions, sunshades, boot covers, tackle boxes, ski accessories, computer battery packs, access panels, acoustical panels, furniture trim, air conditioner covers, and building attachments. 

The clear color is intended to blend with a variety of backgrounds. The product incorporates a very high bond pressure-sensitive, ultraviolet resistant adhesive backing and can also be attached using staples or sewing.

Industrial grade duct tape is manufactured with a four ply construction, which is stronger than traditional three ply tapes. It is designed to bond, seal, patch, and hold materials with immediate adhesion. The tape can be torn by hand for faster application and is described as weatherproof with long-lasting performance over time.

Double sided mounting tape uses high strength acrylic adhesive on both sides to form permanent bonds with substrates such as plastic, metal, wood, glass, concrete, brick, tile, and ceramics. It can be used in indoor or outdoor environments. Typical applications include mounting signs, pictures, displays, kick plates, and house numbers.

Weather and heat all weather tape is intended for outdoor repair applications. It is waterproof and remains flexible at low temperatures. Common uses include sealing roof joints and gutters and performing repairs on sheds, greenhouses, and other structures in garden or exterior environments. The tape meets ASTM D 1000 requirements.

Teflon thread sealing tape is used to seal and lubricate pipe fittings, including joints involving dissimilar materials. It provides a permanent seal yet allows assemblies to be disassembled when required. The tape is suitable for use with steam, air, water, oxygen, hydraulic fluids, gas, refrigerants, and most acids. 

It withstands pressures up to ten thousand psi and has a temperature range from minus four hundred degrees Fahrenheit to plus six hundred degrees Fahrenheit. It meets Federal Specification T 27730A, is nonflammable and nontoxic, and will not harden in service. 

Industrial high density material is supplied in pink color with a density of one point two zero and a thickness of zero point zero zero three five inches.

Standard low density material is supplied in white color with a density of zero point nine five and a thickness of zero point zero zero two five inches.

Removable labeling tape is used for temporary labeling and index tab applications in order to reduce confusion in identifying items or contents. It adheres securely to surfaces yet is designed to be removed cleanly without leaving residue. The tape can be written on with pen, pencil, or marker. Typical uses include content identification, color coding, and labeling reusable parcels, boxes, and containers. It can also be applied to office machines, such as copier glass and covers.

Double sided attachment tape is used for mounting automotive moldings in both indoor and outdoor environments. It is specified for lightweight trim moldings and is often provided in pre cut strips to facilitate installation. The product uses a high tack acrylic adhesive to achieve strong adhesion and is resistant to heat and solvents.

Hook and loop fastening system provides a reusable closure that operates by engaging two complementary surfaces. Hook fasteners mate with loop fasteners to interlock and secure components, while also helping to reduce vibration. The system is pressure sensitive and can be used in a wide range of applications in both indoor and outdoor settings.

Garage exhaust systems are specially compounded to withstand temperatures up to 600 degrees Fahrenheit. The 3 inch size is designed to tolerate exhaust from catalytic converters. These systems are supplied as matched sets that include all components required for a complete installation for both single and dual exhaust configurations. 

Each set includes two tubing lengths of four feet, one tubing length of six feet, two tailpipe adapters, and four splice connectors for dual exhaust systems. A splice connector is provided for single exhaust systems. For a typical single exhaust installation, one four foot tubing length is used, followed by a splice connector, the six foot tubing length, and one tailpipe adapter.

Garage exhaust tubing is specially compounded to withstand temperatures up to 600 degrees Fahrenheit. One end of the tubing is flared to simplify adaptation to automotive exhaust systems. It is designed to tolerate exhaust temperatures associated with catalytic converters and to resist kinking during use. 

The tubing is available in two wall thicknesses. For use with exhaust hose reels, a specified stock number is recommended. A version that is not flared is available with a 5 inch diameter on both ends.

Adjustable adapters are designed to fit tailpipes with larger decorative ends. Each adapter incorporates a bell with brass snaps that allow adjustment for exhaust outlets up to 5 and one half inches outside diameter.

Twin tailpipe adapters with an oval configuration are intended for use with twin automotive exhaust systems.

Straight tailpipe adapters are designed to fit most passenger cars and are suitable for late model vehicles with downward exhausting tailpipes. They are constructed to withstand exhaust temperatures associated with catalytic converters.

Connectors are available in splice and Y shaped configurations. Splice connectors are used to join two lengths of exhaust tubing in a straight line. Y shaped connectors are used for dual exhaust systems to combine or split flow paths as required.

Garage door fittings are provided in neoprene and aluminum constructions for use with garage exhaust systems. Neoprene fittings are supplied in a 2 and one half inch size, and aluminum fittings are supplied in a 3 inch size.

Truck wash brush, polypropylene, has a foamed plastic block that measures 9 1/2 inches by 2 3/4 inches and is specified to resist rotting and warping. The trim length is 3 inches. The block includes two hand holes and a threaded and tapered opening. The fill material is flagged safety orange.

Grill, spoke, mag wheel, and bottle brush uses soft tampico fibers and has an overall length of 17 inches.

Brown palmyra wheel brushes use stiff bristles intended for heavy duty scrubbing. Each brush has a brushing area of 4 inches by 4 inches.

Soft white tampico wheel brushes use soft fiber bristles designed for lighter work while maintaining a scratch free surface. Each brush has a brushing area of 4 inches by 4 inches.

Flo thru parts brush attaches to a parts washer nozzle so that solvent flows through the brush during cleaning and continuously carries away accumulated grime. The handle is made of high impact nylon. The brush is supplied with clear, flexible, solvent proof tubing with an inside diameter of 1/2 inch. It is designed to fit any parts washer that uses a flexible nozzle.

Parts cleaning brush has a hardwood oval block handle and a nominal size of 1 1/4 inches. The bristles have a length of 2 1/2 inches and are made from a nylon material that is resistant to solvents. The bristles are tapered to facilitate access to hard to reach areas.

Detailers brush uses nylon bristles and has an angled handle. The overall length of the brush is 6 3/4 inches.

Acid brush is filled with 100 percent horsehair and has a tin plated handle. The overall length is 6 1/8 inches. The brush head measures 9/16 inch by 7/8 inch.

Detailers brush uses horsehair bristles and has a straight handle. The overall length of the brush is 6 inches.

Radiator repair brush has a brush length of 1 1/2 inches and an overall length of 7 inches. It has a twisted wire handle with a single spiral configuration.

Utility or scratch brushes, brass, have a brush area measuring 1 3/8 inches by 1/4 inch and a trim length of 1/2 inch. The overall length is 7 inches. They are supplied two brushes per band.

Utility or scratch brushes, stainless steel, are intended for use on surfaces with rust, scale, paint, solder, and similar deposits. The brush area measures 1 3/8 inches by 1/4 inch, with a trim length of 1/2 inch and an overall length of 7 inches. They are supplied two brushes per band.

Tire cleaning brush uses brass wire bristles and has a wood handle and head. The brush area measures 3/4 inch by 2 1/2 inches, and the face dimension is 2 3/4 inches by 3 1/2 inches.

Brass and stainless steel tube brushes are intended to remove scale, burrs, carbon deposits, and paint, and to deburr holes. Each brush has an overall length of 2 inches and a brush length of 1 inch. They are packaged per box.

Plastic mop wringer is molded from high impact resistant plastic and includes a molded steel back plate for added structural strength. It is equipped with heavy detergent wheels that are permanently riveted to the shaft. The wringer is designed for use with pails and mops up to 40 ounces. All steel components have a baked enamel finish intended to provide resistance to rust and corrosion.

Plastic bucket, 35 quart, is molded from high impact resistant plastic and has a reinforced pour rim. The material composition prevents rust. The bucket includes a plastic bail handle and ball bearing casters to facilitate movement. A molded mop pail head is integrated into the design.

Floor squeegee uses rubber that is resistant to chemicals, oil, and grease. The frame, screws, and nuts have a plated finish intended to resist rust.

Replacement rubber strips are provided as rubber strip only components for use with squeegees. The available lengths are 24 inches or 36 inches. Each strip has a height of 2 1/4 inches and a thickness of 9/32 inch.

Complete floor squeegee assemblies consist of a squeegee and a handle supplied together as a unit.

Replacement mop head and handle use a cotton head that is specified to withstand abrasion from rough surfaces and chemical exposure from cleaning solutions. The strands are tightly twisted to keep fibers locked for absorption. The assembly is intended for use on concrete, wood, or cool tile floors.

Caution wet floor floor sign is made from bright yellow plastic and is intended to provide a visual warning of potential hazards. The sign folds for storage. When open, it measures 11 inches in width and 24 inches in height and displays the text “Caution Wet Floor” on both sides. The material is non corrosive, impact resistant, and can be cleaned easily.

Hand held broom uses a smaller bristled brush section suitable for use in confined areas. It has a wooden handle with a hang up hole and brown palmyra bristles. The block measures 8 inches by 1 1/2 inches, and the overall length with handle included is 13 inches.

Extendable handle bus brooms are available in two configurations. One configuration is an 8 inch angle broom with a steel handle that extends from 33 inches to 52 inches. The other configuration is a 10 inch soft bristle poly brush with a painted steel handle that extends from 30 inches to 54 inches.

Natural palmyra stalk street broom, 16 inches, has a hardwood block with two tapered holes and is supplied with a 54 inch wood handle with a derby tip. The fill consists of 6 inch long natural palmyra stalk, and the block length is 16 inches.

Lobby dust pan broom is cut and shaped to facilitate sweeping in hard to reach areas. It has flagged, acid resistant polypropylene bristles and can be used in wet or dry conditions. The handle is a 28 inch poly coated metal component with a diameter of 7/8 inch. The brush length is 7 1/2 inches, and the overall length of the broom is 35 inches. The color is black.

Lobby dust pan has a large capacity open pan and a lightweight handle with a plastic grip. Molded ridges along the pan are used to assist in cleaning the floor. The construction uses plastic and aluminum components. The unit can be hung for storage and is specified not to stain, discolor, or absorb odors. The overall height is 37 1/2 inches, and the color is black and silver.

Whisk broom uses corn fibers with a length of 10 inches and has a three sew construction.

Heavy duty rubber dust pan has a thin front edge intended to improve dirt pickup and molded serrated teeth along the edge for cleaning counter dusters. It is made from high impact plastic and has a width of 12 1/4 inches.

Dust brush has a clear lacquered hardwood block and an 8 inch brush section filled with black tampico fiber. Each tuft of fiber is anchored individually in the block.

Metal dust pan is made from 20 gauge steel with a baked enamel finish. It has a wrap around front lip and is designed for rapid cleaning. The handle length is 13 1/2 inches, and the overall length of the pan is 15 inches.

Border floor sweep, 24 inches, uses a combination of flagged tip silver gray border filament and a salt and pepper dust head made from polypropylene fibers. A one bolt assembly design locks the head securely into grooves in the handle. The sweep uses an extra heavy hardwood block, has a trim length of 4 1/2 inches, and is supplied with a handle that has a diameter of 1 1/8 inches and an approximate length of 60 inches. A squeegee component is available for use with this sweep.

Grabber reacher tool is designed to assist with reaching and grasping objects without bending, climbing, or straining. It is used for picking up litter, in healthcare environments, for general cleaning, and for user assistance in situations involving limited mobility. It can grasp small, delicate objects and includes a locking feature that increases holding strength when lifting larger items. The construction is rust proof and lightweight.

Street floor sweep, 24 inches, uses long trim dark brown polypropylene fibers intended to move heavy debris. It is used for street cleaning and other heavy duty sweeping tasks. The trim length is 4 1/2 inches. The handle has a diameter of 1 1/8 inches and a length of 60 inches.

Sweep handles are natural wood components designed for use with specific floor sweep models. Each handle incorporates a built in steel brace for additional strength and is equipped with a threaded metal ferrule.

Black polypropylene sweep, 18 inches, medium, has a hardwood block with two threaded holes to accept compatible handles and braces. The block and fill materials are resistant to chemicals and abrasion. Handles and braces are supplied separately.

Heavy duty broom handle brace is an all steel component that extends along the length of the handle. It attaches to both the block and the end of the handle to provide support when sweeping heavy debris, mud, or nails, and to reduce the likelihood of handle breakage under high load conditions.

Polypropylene floor brush, 24 inches, has a hardwood block with two handle holes, one threaded and the other tapered, to accommodate different handle types. Handles are supplied separately. The gray polypropylene bristles are flagged for sweeping dust and fine particles on smooth surfaces. The bristle length is 3 inches.

Metal handle with metal tip is a handle with a threaded metal tip and a plastic coated shaft. It includes a plastic hang cap for storage.

Polypropylene floor brush, 36 inches, has a hardwood block with two threaded handle holes. The gray polypropylene bristles are flagged for sweeping dust and fine particles on smooth surfaces and are intended for fine and medium sweeping. The handle is sold separately.

Metal tipped wood handles are wood handles equipped with a metal threaded tip that provides additional strength at the connection point.

Black tampico fiber brush has a lacquered hardwood head in which each tuft of fiber is individually anchored. It is intended for heavy duty sweeping and includes two threaded holes for compatible handles.

Fiberglass handle has a reinforced core and a high density wall thickness. It is resistant to cracking and water exposure and includes a vinyl adhesive grip.

Garage sweep, extra firm, uses select palmyra fiber and has a clear lacquered hardwood block with two handle holes. The construction is intended for heavy duty sweeping applications.

Replacement handle tip is designed for use on damaged threaded handles. The damaged threads are cut off, and the fluted tip is slipped in place and nailed to the handle. It is suitable for handles with a diameter of 15/16 inch.

Upright broom uses natural fiber in a warehouse broom configuration. It has a steel ferrule rated for heavy duty use and a hardwood handle with a full lacquer finish.

Magnetic clean up tool is used to collect nails, screws, bolts, clips, and other small ferrous metal objects on shop floors, yards, and driveways. It has a rated magnetic strength of 15 pounds and an overall length of 15 3/8 inches.

White china bristle paint brushes are made with natural bristles, feature a chisel trim, and have a plastic handle. They are used for base paints, latex coatings, varnishes, and stains.

Polyester bristle paint brushes use synthetic bristles, include a chisel trim, and have a plastic handle. They are used with latex, oil-based paints, and enamel coatings.

Economy quality paint brushes have a square trim and a plastic handle. They are used with latex paints, oil-based paints, and enamels.

Foam brushes are used with enamel, latex, and oil-based paints, as well as stains and varnishes. They distribute paint in a way that smooths the coated surface and reduces visible brush marks, and they do not shed bristles during use.

Caulking guns are constructed from heavy gauge metal and use a two-lever thrust mechanism. They are designed to hold and dispense material from standard cartridges.

A 9 inch roller with a one half inch nap is used with various types of paint and is commonly applied on walls and ceilings. It is suited to medium-textured surfaces.

Roller frames typically have a five-wire cage and a plastic handle, and they are used to support and rotate compatible paint roller covers.

Paint trays are made from plastic and are used to hold and distribute paint for use with brushes and rollers.

Collision wrap film is a self-adhering plastic film used in collision repair facilities, garages, salvage yards, storage lots, towing services, and similar operations. It has a thickness of 4 mil, is puncture resistant and weather resistant, and is intended to protect vehicle interiors from airborne contaminants. Moisture and common solvents do not penetrate the film when it is properly applied. It adheres to clean, dry surfaces and is used to secure or cover cracked windshields, broken windows, misaligned doors, and loose parts.

Towels and rags in a box are disposable wipers used as an alternative to cloth and standard paper wipes. Each sheet measures approximately 10 inches by 14 inches. They are designed for use on tasks involving liquids, grease, and oil where a relatively low lint level is required.

Shop towels are intended for use on a standard towel holder and are dispensed as individual sheets. One common format provides a towel size of approximately 10 inches by 12 inches, with rolls that measure about 11 inches by 10.4 inches overall. Each roll contains 55 sheets, and a typical case contains 30 rolls.

Rags in this format are supplied as quarter-fold pieces. A typical package contains 200 rags, and the product is provided in white.

Blue roll towels are designed for use with standard towel holders and are dispensed as individual sheets. Each sheet measures approximately 11 inches by 10.4 inches. There are 55 sheets per roll, and a typical case contains 30 rolls.

Blue wipers on a roll are heavy duty wiping products constructed from 4 ply, nylon-reinforced material. They are intended for general-purpose wiping tasks. A typical roll provides a sheet width of about 9 and three quarter inches and a total roll length of approximately 275 feet. The material is designed to trap dirt and absorb liquids efficiently.

Roll hand towels are white paper towels supplied in roll form. A typical roll is 8 inches wide and approximately 350 feet in length.

Heavy duty roll hand towels are supplied in roll form similar to standard roll hand towels, with a typical shipping configuration of 12 rolls per case.

A towel dispenser for roll hand towels is designed to hold and dispense these rolls. It is a wall-mountable unit that is typically about 10 and one half inches high, 10 inches wide, and 10 inches deep. It uses a serrated edge to assist in tearing the towels.

C fold towels are folded paper towels with embossed surfaces intended to increase bulk and absorbency. They are packaged with 150 towels per sleeve and 2,400 towels per case.

Heavy duty C fold towels are supplied in a larger format, with each towel measuring approximately 10 and one quarter inches by 13 and one quarter inches.

A C fold towel dispenser is a wall-mounted unit used for dispensing C fold towels and, in many cases, multi fold towels as well. It is typically white and measures about 15 inches by 11 inches by 4 and three quarter inches. It is usually supplied with wall mounting screws and keys.

Multi fold towels are folded paper towels designed to meet established environmental procurement guidelines, including applicable requirements of the Environmental Protection Agency Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines. A typical towel is white, measures approximately 9 and one eighth inches by 9 and one half inches, and is packaged with 250 towels per pack.

Disposable wipers are lint free, white in color, and supplied flat packed. Each wiper measures approximately 13 inches by 15 inches. They are made from long strand rayon with a reinforced structure to increase absorbency. They are commonly used on glass surfaces where a low lint result is required.

Towels supplied in a quarter fold format in a portable box are used for general wiping tasks. They are designed to be soft and absorbent while providing sufficient strength for routine cleaning. Each towel typically measures about 10 inches by 12 inches.

Microfiber cleaning cloths are supplied in sheets measuring approximately 16 inches by 16 inches. The material can absorb several times its own weight in water and is used for streak free cleaning on a variety of surfaces. The cloths are resistant to common soaps and cleaning chemicals and can be machine washed, although fabric softeners are not recommended. They are intended for general purpose cleaning applications.

A select flow dispenser is an extra large gray plastic unit with a transparent cover that allows visual inspection of the contents. It is designed to be loaded quickly and to keep the towels or wipers dry and free from contamination. The dispensing aperture is configured to release items one at a time in order to help control product use.

A center flow hand towel roll is a two ply, soft, absorbent towel designed to dispense one sheet at a time from the center of the roll. This configuration is intended to reduce the risk of cross contamination in shared environments. The product is specified to reach maximum absorbency within approximately 30 seconds, and a typical roll has a diameter of about 8 and one quarter inches.

Scrim wipers are four ply wiping products that incorporate nylon reinforcement to resist tearing. The fibers are hydro entangled to provide additional strength when the wipers are wet. They are designed to offer good absorbency while maintaining low lint and low streaking characteristics.

Economy wipers made from lighter weight double re creped material are intended as general purpose disposable wipers. This material is designed to provide water absorption and a relatively soft hand while maintaining tensile strength that is higher than many airlaid wipers. Typical uses include spray and wipe cleaning, glass surface cleaning, absorbing small liquid spills, and basic hygiene and janitorial tasks.

A lever roll universal towel dispenser is a compact unit designed to accept various types of roll towels with cores of different sizes, including coreless and solid core formats. It uses an integrated lever mechanism to dispense towels and to simplify reloading. The housing is typically made from break resistant plastic.

Nonperforated roll towels are single ply products with an embossed pattern that forms pockets and ridges to aid absorbency and drying. They are primarily used for hand drying in washrooms but may also be used for general purpose wiping.

Perforated paper towel rolls are two ply products designed to be torn along preformed perforations into individual sheets. They are intended for use in cleaning and spill absorption tasks where a relatively strong and absorbent disposable towel is required.

L40 wipers are all purpose disposable wiping products that are designed to provide a cloth like tactile feel and relatively high liquid absorbency.

X60 lightweight wipers are constructed from a reinforced material intended to combine relatively low basis weight with adequate strength. They absorb more than two times their weight in water and are used for applying thinners and solvents, applying cable lubricants, and removing cable gels. The material is reinforced for additional scrubbing capability, can be rinsed, and may be reused for multiple tasks. Typical applications include cleaning oil, grime, and solvent spills, lifting and trapping grease, dirt, and other residues, and cleaning hands.

X60 reinforced wipers are designed as a replacement for conventional janitorial rags. They are intended to be strong and durable enough for multiple uses and are often used in off line wiping applications, including printing operations such as one color and two color presses.

X80 cloth towels are heavy duty disposable wipers designed to approximate the feel of cloth while providing fast liquid absorption. The material is reinforced to support scrubbing and other demanding cleaning tasks. Typical uses include general cleanup, removal of soil, and surface preparation. The towels can be rinsed and reused for a limited number of cycles.

A bucket with an integrated center pull dispenser is used to store and dispense shop towels for medium duty general purpose wiping applications. The center pull design helps keep the towels clean and dry until use. The towels are typically soft enough for contact with hands and face and are often supplied in a blue color, which can make grease and oil less visible during use. 

Some shop towel products of this type are manufactured with a specified proportion of post consumer and pre consumer recycled fibers to meet applicable Environmental Protection Agency comprehensive procurement guidelines.

Refill rolls for center pull shop towel systems are supplied with reduced cardboard content compared with traditional center pull cardboard boxes. The towels are designed to be soft for use on hands and face, as well as absorbent and durable for wiping equipment and surfaces. They are often produced in blue to help visually mask grease and grime, and the fibers are formulated to maintain integrity even when wet. 

The towels are described as low lint and are intended for use in a wide range of environments where disposable towels are needed. Certain products in this category are specified to meet Environmental Protection Agency comprehensive procurement guidelines and to be suitable for use in applications that require compliance with relevant food contact regulations prior to sterilization.

White knit T shirt rags, supplied as reclaimed material, are packaged in boxes with a punch out opening that allows for easier dispensing. A typical 25 pound box contains white knit fabric cut from T shirts, polo shirts, or similar knit garments, and does not include buttons or zippers. These rags are used for general wiping tasks involving water, grease, and oil in janitorial, general industrial, machine shop, and automotive settings. The knit construction provides a soft and durable wiping cloth that can absorb both water based and oil based fluids.

Blue huck towels, also supplied as reclaimed material, are made from 100 percent cotton and are hemmed on all four sides. They are heavyweight, reusable towels that are typically about 16 inches by 24 inches in size and are packed in 10 pound boxes. A single towel can absorb a substantial quantity of liquid. These towels are commonly used for cleaning glass and mirrors and for general cleaning, and are often dispensed from containers with a punch out feature for easier access.

Toilet tissue is a two ply paper product designed for personal hygiene. It is produced to be soft and absorbent, and a typical roll contains 500 sheets.

Jumbo roll wiper dispenser II is a portable dispenser designed to hold a single jumbo roll with a capacity comparable to 100 pounds of rags. It is a compact, high capacity system with a frame intended for frequent use. The dispenser measures approximately 16 and one quarter inches in width, 18 and one half inches in depth, and 37 inches in height.

Jumbo roll wall mount dispenser is a wall mounted unit with an easy loading configuration. It holds one jumbo roll of wipers up to 12 inches in diameter. Typical installed dimensions are approximately 24 and one half inches in height, 16 and three quarter inches in width, and 10 inches in depth.

Urinal screens are flexible devices placed in urinals to help control odors and reduce splashing. They are supplied with a commercial grade fragrance.

Urinal blocks are solid deodorizing blocks used in urinals to control odors at the source. They are typically mint scented, are designed to last for up to 30 days under normal use, and are individually shrink wrapped in one pound bags.

Coreless twin jumbo roll tissue dispensers are designed to hold two coreless jumbo tissue rolls, each approximately 9 and three eighths inches by 3 and four fifths inches. A sliding door mechanism prevents use of the second roll until the first roll is depleted. The housing is made from durable plastic in a smoke or gray color and incorporates antimicrobial material formulated to inhibit common stain and odor causing bacteria.

Coreless jumbo rolls are high capacity, two ply bath tissue rolls designed for use in compatible coreless dispensers. They meet specified guidelines for post consumer content, with a minimum of 45 percent post consumer recycled fiber, and are produced using elemental chlorine free processes. Each white roll is approximately 3.7 inches wide and 1,000 feet in length, and the coreless format reduces packaging waste compared with cored rolls.

A lever operated roll towel dispenser with a smoke or gray cover is designed to dispense one primary roll up to 8 inches in diameter, with a length up to 1,000 feet, and a secondary stub roll of approximately 3.5 inches in diameter and 150 feet in length. It is intended for use with specified hardwound roll towel products. The dispenser housing is made from high impact plastic with a keyed closure system. Typical dimensions are approximately 14 and thirty forty thirds inches in height, 9.35 inches in width, and 13 and three quarter inches in depth.

Brown kraft non perforated one ply hardwound roll towels are designed primarily for hand drying in washrooms. Both the product and its packaging are specified to meet applicable Environmental Protection Agency comprehensive procurement guideline requirements. Each roll is one ply, approximately 1,000 feet long, 7.82 inches wide, and has a 2 inch core. These towels are intended for use with compatible roll towel dispensers.

Brown kraft hard roll towels are non perforated roll towels intended for hand drying applications. Each roll is approximately 8 inches wide and 350 feet long. They are designed to absorb water quickly and are used with designated roll towel dispensers.

Disposable plastic seat covers are made from high molecular weight ethylene with a multi layer construction designed to resist tearing and reduce slippage. Each cover measures approximately 32 inches in width and 52 inches in length and is intended to protect both bucket seats and bench seats during service or transport.

High density can liners are manufactured from high molecular weight, high density material and incorporate a star seal bottom to distribute stress and help contain heavy loads. The 30 gallon liners have a thickness of 0.7 mil, equivalent to approximately 17 microns, and the 33 gallon liners have the same nominal thickness.

Low density can liners in a 24 inch by 23 inch format provide an 8 to 10 gallon capacity. These bags are produced with a 0.35 mil wall thickness and are supplied in black.

L grade can liners measure 24 inches by 32 inches and provide a 12 to 16 gallon capacity. They are also manufactured with a 0.35 mil thickness and are supplied in black.

Shop bags in an extended format are designed for use in tire service environments. Each bag has an approximate capacity of 5.5 inches by 58 inches, or 91.4 centimeters by 147.3 centimeters, and is produced with a 3 mil wall thickness. A side weld construction is used to increase holding strength. These bags are used to wrap tires for storage or placement in vehicles and to help maintain cleanliness in the work area.

Plastic coated paper floor protectors are designed to cover vehicle floor mats and protect them from dirt and moisture. A moisture resistant coating allows them to retain oil and water from soiled footwear. They are commonly used in service areas and showrooms, and are typically packaged 500 per case.

Seat protection covers made from olefin based film are used to prevent transfer of dirt and grime to vehicle seats. Each cover measures approximately 40 inches in length, 27.5 inches in width, and has a thickness of 1 mil. The material is designed to resist ripping and tearing, to provide some grip on the seat surface to reduce slippage, and is supplied machine folded for ease of handling.

Steering wheel covers are single use plastic covers intended to protect vehicle steering wheels from contact with dirt, grease, and other contaminants. They are sized to fit standard steering wheels, with a flat dimension of approximately 18.5 inches by 18.5 inches, and are manufactured from recyclable plastic with a thickness of 1 mil.

Tack cloth is a super tacky, soft wiping material designed to trap dirt, dust, and lint. It remains flexible and does not harden during use. It is suitable for use with both hand and power sanding and maintains its tackiness for extended periods, which supports cleanliness of the work surface. It does not contain waxes or silicones. A common size for this product is approximately four and one half inches by four and one half inches.

Squeegee with a handle length of approximately twenty inches is constructed with a nylon mesh head of about eight inches in width. The head is manufactured to resist wear and loosening during use. The handle is made from solid high impact plastic designed to resist bending, breaking, or splintering, in contrast to typical wood or hollow plastic handles.

Telescoping squeegee with an adjustable length from approximately twenty four inches to forty one inches is designed to extend and lock at any length within that range by twisting the handle. When locked, the handle is intended to resist bending or twisting loose. The head and handle share similar construction and performance characteristics with the standard twenty inch squeegee. This type of squeegee is commonly used on vehicles such as cars, buses, recreational vehicles, and trucks.

Professional wash mitt is a heavy duty, reusable washing accessory. It is designed to be highly absorbent and non scratching. The mitt is double faced and typically measures about eight inches by eleven inches, with a cuff for secure placement on the hand. It is commonly packaged in sets of two per bag.

Chamois is a genuine leather wiping material with an area of approximately four and one half square feet. It is tanned to remain flexible and is intended to provide streak free and spotless drying. It is suitable for use on clear coat finishes.

Round compounding pad with a diameter of approximately seven and one half inches is made from four ply wool with a long pile of about one and one quarter inches in height. The rounded edge is intended to reduce the risk of burning painted surfaces during polishing. It is recommended for polishing standard plates and is equipped with a deeper, less dense hook and loop attachment system to facilitate secure and easy installation. The pad can be cleaned or washed for repeated use.

Bone style sponge is a large, contoured sponge typically measuring about nine inches by five inches. Its shape is intended to provide an easy grip. It is usually manufactured in a yellow color and is designed for general cleaning applications.

Dura sponges are cleaning sponges made from melamine material, sometimes combined with polyurethane, and are designed to function as non chemical abrasive cleaners that are activated with water only. The sandwich variant is composed of both melamine and polyurethane to enhance cleaning performance. The scrubby variant uses melamine on one side to provide extra strength on rougher surfaces. The extra power variant is a compressed melamine sponge designed for heavy scrubbing tasks.

These sponges are suitable for removing a wide range of residues, including grease, ink, crayon, scuff marks, fingerprints, hard water deposits, smoke film, mildew, tea stains, rust, insects, brake dust, algae, tar, soap scum, hair dye, and similar contaminants. They can be used on many common surfaces, such as paint, metal, porcelain, furniture, leather, plastic, vinyl, chrome, stainless steel, cabinets, countertops, tile, walls, wheel covers, exhaust tips, trailer hitches, and wood.

Industrial markers are used for identification and color coding in maintenance and industrial settings. They produce fast drying, weather resistant marks with lead free paint formulated for industrial applications. They can be applied to oily, greasy, or rusty metal surfaces, as well as PVC pipe, sheet metal, glass, wood, cardboard, rubber, plastic, lumber, paper, or styrofoam. 

The tips are replaceable; when the original tip wears out, it can be replaced with a new one so that the full volume of the marker can be used. The typical marking temperature range is minus 50 degrees Fahrenheit to 150 degrees Fahrenheit.

King size felt tip markers are intended for identifying equipment, cartons, and signs. They can be used on cardboard, wood, metal, paper, ceramics, glass, and leather. A broad tip produces bold, extra wide marks, and an enlarged ink reservoir provides extended marking life. The fiber tip is designed for making extra broad marks, and the cap and barrel are constructed for heavy duty use.

Fine bullet tip markers with felt tips provide fast drying marks that are resistant to smearing and water. They are commonly used for identifying parts, cartons, crates, and similar items. Typical substrates include cardboard, wood, metal, glass, paper, ceramics, and cloth. A standard version is supplied in black.

Permanent markers with a large chisel tip use a body diameter of approximately one inch to hold a large supply of ink for extended service life. The marker body is designed to be resistant to breakage, and the cap is intended to be easy to remove. The ink is formulated to mark easily on most common surfaces, and a typical version is black.

Steel mechanic’s wire is supplied on a multi purpose spool and is used for hanging, supporting, tying back, or holding objects in place. It is made from soft, black, annealed steel, which allows it to be formed and twisted as needed in mechanical and maintenance applications.

Retractable grease pencils are designed for writing on a wide range of surfaces. They are suitable for rough or smooth materials, including wood, cardboard, and metal. A push button feed mechanism advances the writing core, which eliminates the need for sharpening and helps protect the marking material when not in use.

Perforated hanger strapping is used as an all purpose hanger for pipes and ducts. It is made from galvanized steel that provides resistance to rust and corrosion. The product is commonly supplied on one hundred foot reels, with regularly spaced perforations that allow fastening with screws or bolts.

Welders pencils are designed for layout work in welding applications. They withstand high temperatures and are suitable for marking precision weld lines. The color markings are intended to remain visible and not rub off or burn off during typical welding processes. They can be used on rusty, oily, or wet surfaces where other marking media, such as soapstone, may not perform adequately.

Paint sticks are used for layout, inspection, and fabrication work. They can mark on metal, wood, plastic, and other smooth surfaces. The markings are resistant to weather, water, and fading. The typical usable temperature range for marking is minus 50 degrees Fahrenheit to 150 degrees Fahrenheit.

Mats for industrial and maintenance use function as shock absorbers to reduce strain from standing on hard floors. They are designed not to compress permanently under load and not to absorb liquids. The construction is hard wearing and intended to reduce fatigue and discomfort in the knees and back, making them suitable for tasks that require kneeling or prolonged standing.

Window paint markers are used for permanent marking on canvas, posters, wood, plastic signs, banners, stone, rubber, and other porous surfaces. They are often applied in automotive, metalworking, retail, restaurant, shop, and hobby environments. An extra broad tip provides large, visible markings. They can also mark on glass, metal, plastics, ceramics, and canvas. 

The markings are removable from glass and unpainted metals, and they can typically be cleaned from glass with a standard ammonia based cleaner. They are suitable for both indoor and outdoor use.

Ultraviolet black light markers are used for discreet marking of property, equipment, and parts for purposes such as warranty tracking, identification, and security. They allow visible marking of parts for theft protection, quality control, and sorting, but the markings remain invisible under normal lighting conditions. The marks become visible only when viewed under ultraviolet black light. These markers are intended for use on metal, glass, and other hard, non porous surfaces.

Xylene free paint markers use a press tip valve that regulates paint flow and helps prevent leaking. The markings are highly visible and permanent on uneven surfaces, including metal, plastics, wood, glass, ceramics, corrugated cardboard, and tile. They are commonly used by maintenance personnel, automotive and plumbing technicians, HVAC workers, construction workers, lumberyards, and others with extensive marking requirements.

A tapered end stick tool is a high strength flexible plastic tool with a wide range of uses. It is formulated not to scratch painted surfaces and is designed for long service life. The tapered end can slip into small crevices and edges. Typical uses include spreading body fillers, seam sealants, caulking, and waxes. It can also be used to set small rubber gaskets and is suitable for a wide variety of tasks involving rubber gaskets. A common size is approximately seven and seven eighths inches in length and five sixteenths of an inch in width.

Waterproof patch and seal tape is designed to seal out water, air, and moisture. It is often supplied in a width of about four inches and in a thick, heavy duty format. It is used to fix holes, cracks, gaps, and tears by creating a permanent bond with an extra thick adhesive layer. It can function under water and is intended for long term sealing applications.

Magnetic organizer units are used for mounting tools on a wall or in a work area. They incorporate strong magnets that hold tools in place and are intended to reduce tool misplacement and improve organization of work benches. The magnetic strength is sufficient to hold wrenches, hammers, pliers, ratchets, screwdrivers, and other hand tools, and the design accommodates tools of various sizes.

Expandable magnetic trays are used to keep parts and supplies organized. They contain four magnetic compartments that expand to a full length of 22 inches. Typical uses include holding sockets, fasteners, tools, and shop supplies in order to help prevent misplacement of parts. The tray attaches to any metal surface and expands from approximately 7.5 inches to 22 inches in height.

License plate holders with hanging straps are used to display license plates during test drives and to store equipment manuals in facilities. They are commonly used by new and used vehicle dealerships and automotive rental agencies. A typical holder has a clear front opening measuring approximately 13 inches in width by 7 inches in height, with a black backed pouch that allows quick visual identification of the contents. 

The construction usually includes heavy duty cloth binding and stitching for durability, a full width hook and loop enclosure, and a felt interior padding that facilitates placing and removing plates, manuals, or certificates.

Shop job ticket holders with hanging straps are used to store, protect, and organize instructions, production schedules, inventory cards, work orders, and similar documents. They typically feature bright red heavy duty cloth binding and stitching, with a clear vinyl front that protects documents from spills and dust while allowing easy viewing. A common size is 9 inches by 12 inches in a rectangular format. Reinforced metal corners and a chain provide options for additional hanging points and are intended to support long term use.

Shop ticket holders are used to store documents such as instructions, notifications, deadlines, purchase orders, work orders, and production schedules. They are commonly placed in shops, production areas, receiving areas, employee spaces, storage locations, lunchrooms, and inventory control areas. The design accommodates a 9 inch by 12 inch display and uses clear heavyweight plastic on both sides for visibility. The edges are stitched for reinforcement, and a one quarter inch grommet with a central metal hole allows convenient hanging. The edging is typically black in color.

Shop job ticket holders with hanging straps are also available in configurations similar to those described above, used to store, protect, and organize instructions, production schedules, inventory cards, and work orders. They typically use bright red heavy duty cloth binding and stitching, with clear vinyl to protect contents from spills and dust while allowing easy display. A common size is 9 inches by 12 inches. Reinforced metal corners and an attached chain provide an additional hanging method and support extended service life.

Secure and store clamps are reusable, adjustable, and constructed for rugged use. They are intended to organize cords, wires, hoses, ropes, power tools, office equipment, and similar items in a variety of settings.

Super bundlers are used to hang tools, cords, hoses, and other equipment. They adjust to accommodate many sizes and include a handle for carrying. The design allows them to function as general organizers suitable for locations such as garages or homes, and they are built for heavy duty use.

Storage straps are heavy duty devices used for bundling and hanging items. They are made from weather resistant nine hundred denier ballistic nylon and incorporate industrial strength hook and loop fasteners. They are flexible and can be applied to extension cords, jumper cables, power tools, ropes, ladders, hoses, and similar objects. 

A metal grommet allows hanging from hooks or other supports. Their design supports a wide range of storage applications and facilitates quick visual identification of stored items.

Heavy duty driveway signal hose is used with driveway signal devices in service stations and garages. It consists of long lasting synthetic rubber tubing, specifically designed to withstand repeated vehicle drive overs. It has a working pressure rating of one hundred fifty pounds per square inch and is typically supplied in a size of five sixteenths inch by twenty five feet in length.

Driveway signal bells are audible alert devices used with driveway signal hose systems. A typical model uses a six inch bell, operates over distances up to three hundred feet, and runs on a one hundred ten volt electrical outlet.

Plastic funnels are used to transfer liquids. A common variant is a one quart funnel with a flexible spout that includes a long outlet section to assist in directing flow and reducing spills.

Steel safety cans are constructed from twenty four gauge hot dipped galvanized steel. They are designed to meet relevant occupational safety and fire protection codes, including Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations and National Fire Protection Association code thirty.

Spill proof gas cans are fuel containers that meet applicable air resource and environmental protection requirements. They are designed to maintain and regulate internal pressure and use a spring loaded lid to help prevent leaks. The nozzle design avoids removable caps, helps prevent fuel leakage, and is intended to reduce the risk of accidental ignition.

Signal hose fitting hose splicers are connectors designed to join sections of signal hose. A common configuration fits hose with a three eighths inch inside diameter.

Insulated hose nozzles are designed to spray liquids at a wide range of temperatures, including boiling hot or ice cold fluids. A rubber head guard protects the nozzle threads and helps prevent damage to contacted surfaces. The body is typically made from heavy duty metalized zinc alloy with a chrome plated finish. Internal components may include a brass valve and adjusting nut with a stainless steel spring. A heavy duty rubber washer is included, and the threaded front end allows attachment of compatible accessories.

Nylon hose nozzles are constructed from non corroding nylon and are designed to be durable and resistant to breakage. They provide positive on and off control using a stationary nut mechanism. A heavy duty rubber washer is included for sealing.

Nylon hose menders are used to repair or join sections of hose. They are designed to be installed with basic tools, typically requiring only a knife and a screwdriver.

Brass caps are used to close off water hoses when they are not in use. A common version uses a three quarter inch by eleven and one half thread per inch garden hose thread.

Solid brass quick couplers are connectors that permit rapid coupling and uncoupling of hose accessories. They are designed to provide a durable connection and to help prevent leaks at the interface between the hose and the attached device.

Contractor’s water hose is a commercial and industrial grade hose used primarily for water, with additional applicability for certain air and agricultural spray uses. It typically incorporates an ethylene propylene diene monomer polymer tube, spiral polyester cord reinforcement, and a black ethylene propylene diene monomer polymer cover. A common size is five eighths inch inside diameter by fifty feet in length. 

The hose is usually supplied with crimped ferrules and solid spun brass couplings. It is rated for a working pressure of one hundred fifty pounds per square inch and a maximum temperature of one hundred seventy five degrees Fahrenheit.

Brass barbed hose menders are industrial grade fittings used to repair or splice hoses. They are designed to replace plastic or rubber inserts and provide a harder and more durable connection. They can be used as splices and are commonly supplied with three quarter inch by eleven and one half thread per inch garden hose thread. The construction is entirely brass.

Hose hanger units are heavy duty supports used for storing hose. They are corrosion proof and industrial grade, with a large radius designed to reduce stress on the hose during storage. The surface typically has a black epoxy painted finish, and the structure is formed as a one piece solid molded construction.

Vinyl hose washers are sealing components used in hose connections. They are designed for heavy duty applications, provide structural stability, and are resistant to corrosion.

Heavy duty brackets are used for hanging hose and similar equipment in fixed or mobile applications. They are constructed entirely of steel and are intended for industrial strength use. The brackets have a powder coated finish suited to heavy duty service. A typical unit has a capacity of up to one hundred pounds. Representative dimensions are a height of six inches, a width of two and one half inches, a length of eight inches, and a thickness of one eighth inch.

Hood holders are devices used to keep a vehicle hood, door, or trunk lid open during repair or inspection. They are designed for one handed operation and can extend to a length of five feet. Teeth along the mechanism provide grip, and rubber ends are used to increase friction and reduce the risk of surface damage.

Steel step stools are low platforms used to provide a modest height increase for access to elevated work areas. A typical platform has dimensions of approximately fourteen inches by eleven inches, with a height of twelve and one half inches. The overall size is about eighteen and one half inches by sixteen and one half inches, and the overall weight is about nine pounds. The construction is primarily steel, with non slip rubber tips and a wide stance for stability.

Disposable coveralls are constructed from polypropylene material with a polyethylene coating, and are designed to be heavy duty garments with an approximate material weight of 1.5 ounces. They can be reused when not damaged, and are intended to resist water, oil, paint, dust, and light chemicals. Each coverall is supplied as a single piece with a zipper front and elastic at the wrists and ankles.

Rainwear in this group consists of an economy rain suit manufactured from polyvinyl chloride in a safety yellow color. The suit includes a lightweight hooded jacket with water-tight seams and adjustable elastic suspenders. The material thickness is approximately 35 mil.

Back support systems in this line are intended to provide support for abdominal and lower back muscles. One model uses a tapered front panel with a hook-and-loop closure to allow adjustable support. The design is lightweight and made for repeated use.

Denim bib aprons are produced from heavy-weight denim fabric and include a rib-style bib with a waist pocket and a neck loop. The overall weight of the apron is approximately 38 ounces, with the denim fabric itself typically weighing between 10 and 12 ounces.

Polyvinyl chloride non-slip gloves are constructed with corded palms that channel liquids and improve grip on slippery surfaces. They are suitable for heavy-duty work, and are flexible and resistant to abrasion, oils, and active detergents. The gloves use multiple layer construction, have an overall length of approximately 12 inches, and are typically packaged 12 pairs per dozen.

Heat resistant nitrile gloves incorporate a soft cotton interlock shell that absorbs perspiration. These gloves have an overall length of about 13 inches and a thickness of approximately 18 mil. They are intended for tasks involving hot materials such as metal or sand cores.

Kevlar arm protectors are designed to reduce the risk of burns from exhaust pipes and cuts from sheet metal. They are made from heat resistant aramid fabric and are intended for long wear. The material provides heat resistance up to approximately 450 degrees Fahrenheit for extended periods, and offers high resistance to slipping, cutting, and abrasion. The protectors can be machine washed or dry cleaned.

Heavy duty work gloves in this category have leather on the palm, knuckles, and fingers, and include a safety cuff on the side and a wing thumb design. They use gunn style split cowhide construction with a canvas back and an elastic wrist strap. The sizing is intended to accommodate most average and large hands.

Heavy canvas work gloves are intended for tasks such as lubricating or handling greasy equipment and operating industrial vehicles. They feature a full leather palm, a button-on cuff, and a canvas back for ventilation. Striped twill is used to provide a softer feel, and a knit wrist helps retain the glove on the hand.

Jersey work gloves are designed for general use such as warehouse, factory, gardening, polishing, and clean-up work. They are made from soft cotton and are offered in a ladies size with a hem and a men’s size with a knit wrist. The sizing is intended to fit most users.

Ranch-style work gloves are constructed from premium split cowhide leather with a gunn keystone thumb. They include a leather palm and knuckle strap and a shirred elastic back to help maintain fit. They are used for medium duty work where both dexterity and durability are required.

Men’s leather driving gloves are produced from grain leather and include a shirred elastic back and a keystone thumb. They are fully lined for comfort and are intended for tool handling and driving tasks.

Flex-type work gloves are heavy duty gloves with a blue latex coating on the palm, a knit wrist, and a polyester and cotton liner. The design provides a combination of grip and comfort for manual work.

Kevlar gloves intended for heat-related tasks are made from the same aramid materials used in the Kevlar arm protectors. The entire palm side is studded to enhance grip. These gloves are designed as a single size intended to fit most users.

Dotted string knit gloves are manufactured from a polycotton blend in a string knit construction. Plastic polyvinyl chloride dots on both glove surfaces are used to increase grip and durability. The gloves use a knit wrist style to maintain fit.

Polar insulated leather palm gloves are designed for protection in cold environments. They use an insulated lining and a knit wrist to keep hands warm while also protecting against sparks, abrasions, and moderate heat. The exterior incorporates a tough leather palm, a knuckle strap, and a full leather palm index finger. Double ply construction with stitched seams and an acrylic lining is intended to improve durability. The gloves are fully lined to provide insulation and comfort, and are commonly produced in a size intended to fit most users.

Cut resistant gloves in this group are manufactured from ultra high molecular weight fiber. The material is designed to reduce the risk of injury when handling sharp objects and to provide high dexterity and grip with minimal slipping. The gloves are heat resistant up to approximately 662 degrees Fahrenheit and have a tight fit to support precise manual tasks. The fiber has a high strength-to-weight ratio compared to many other common materials.

Insulated work gloves in this category are used in applications such as utility work, cold weather processing, construction, and plumbing. They are heavy duty gloves designed to provide insulation against both heat and cold. Polyvinyl chloride dots are applied to the front and back to increase grip. 

The gloves are longer than standard models to add warmth and coverage, and are intended for extended wear in industrial environments. A soft fleece lining helps keep hands warm, dry, and comfortable during prolonged use.

Glove dispenser racks are designed with a metal back plate for wall mounting, and mounting screws and anchors are included. Each rack is sized to hold approximately two large glove boxes and is dimensioned to fit most common glove box sizes.

Industrial orange nitrile gloves are powder free, textured nitrile gloves intended to provide comfort, strength, and tactile sensitivity. The surface texture improves grip on both dry and wet surfaces. The gloves are made entirely without natural rubber latex, are high-visibility orange, and have a thickness of approximately 8 mil.

Industrial green nitrile gloves are powder free, textured nitrile gloves often used in applications such as first response. They are designed to provide grip on dry or wet surfaces and are both powder free and latex free. The material is high-visibility green and has a thickness of about 8 mil.

Industrial grip black nitrile gloves are powder free, textured nitrile gloves in a black color. They are designed to provide barrier protection, tactile sensitivity, and durability in industrial tasks. The material thickness is approximately 6 mil.

Industrial grade blue nitrile gloves are powdered, textured nitrile gloves designed to provide puncture resistance greater than that of many comparable latex or vinyl gloves and are free of natural latex proteins. The textured coating is intended to make donning easier and to improve control when handling objects. They are commonly used in light oil applications where a non-slip grip is required.

Industrial black nitrile gloves are powder free gloves made from nitrile with a raised diamond texture. They are designed for durability and have a thickness of approximately 6 mil. The raised texture provides a more aggressive grip in wet, dry, or oily conditions, and the gloves are manufactured without natural latex.

Industrial blue nitrile gloves in another configuration are powder free and textured. They are intended to provide sensitivity, dexterity, and tactile feedback, with a material thickness of about 4 mil. These gloves are also latex free.

Exam grade blue nitrile gloves are powder free, textured nitrile gloves designed for medical or examination use. They provide barrier protection and tactile sensitivity while being free from natural rubber latex. The textured surface enhances grip.

Heavy duty latex gloves are powder free, textured latex gloves with a thickness of approximately 8 mil, which is greater than that of many standard latex gloves. They are industrial grade gloves suitable for a range of demanding applications. A textured surface, often in a honeycomb pattern, is used to improve grip.

Heavy duty extra-long latex gloves are powder free, textured latex gloves with an extended cuff length of approximately 9.5 to 12 inches. The longer cuff provides added protection from liquids or oils while maintaining grip. These gloves are commonly used in settings such as automotive work and grooming services.

Exam grade latex gloves are powder free, textured latex gloves with a micro-roughened surface to improve grip in wet or dry conditions. They are designed to provide dexterity and tactile sensitivity, and are made from medical grade latex. The gloves have an ambidextrous design to fit either hand.

Industrial vinyl gloves are powder free, smooth vinyl gloves intended for non-critical use. They are manufactured from polyvinyl material, are latex free, and are not intended for medical applications.

Hard hat meets ANSI Z89.1 1997 Type 1 specifications for class C, E, and G applications and is designed to provide impact protection for the head. The shell is strong, lightweight, fully dielectric, and constructed from a durable copolymer material. It incorporates a six point ratchet headband suspension system and includes a goggle keeper to help retain compatible eye protection. 

A capillary vinyl sweatband, described as significantly more absorbent than rubber, is provided for moisture management. The hard hat accommodates adjustable head size and includes slots for attaching compatible adapters. It is intended to fit most users with a single size configuration.

Particulate respirator with cool flow N95 is approved by NIOSH with an N95 rating and does not provide COVID 19 protection. It includes an adjustable nosepiece and braided headbands to improve fit and stability on the face. The respirator is intended for use in environments where dust is present, such as sanding, buffing, and similar tasks involving particulate generation. 

A cool flow exhalation valve is incorporated to reduce heat buildup inside the mask. It is suitable for use against particles generated from grinding, sanding, sweeping, and other dusty operations, within the limitations of an N95 respirator.

Non toxic particle mask includes a comfortable fitting elastic nose pad designed to reduce leakage around the nose area. It is intended for use with non toxic dusts, mists, pollen, and mold. It is indicated as approved for sanding applications within non toxic exposure limits. Instructions specify that a respirator should always be worn in areas where asbestos may be present, although users must verify that the protection level is appropriate for such hazards.

Industrial dust and mist respirator with N95 rating provides at least 95 percent filtration efficiency against certain solid and liquid aerosols that do not contain oil. It is NIOSH approved with an N95 classification. The respirator is intended for use with solids such as those generated from processing minerals, coal, iron ore, flour, and certain other substances. 

It is disposable and lightweight, and includes an adjustable nose clip that can help reduce fogging of eyewear. A two strap design is used for secure placement on the head. This respirator is not intended for use where oil mists are present, does not supply oxygen, and should not be used for spraying, gases, vapors, or sandblasting operations.

Face shield meets ANSI Z87.1 1979 specifications for eye and face protection. The headgear provides a two dimensional snap in locking adjustment system to secure the shield on the user’s head. It is designed to accept a window measuring approximately 8 by 12 by 0.040 inches, which is not included and must be selected and installed separately.

Windows for shields meet ANSI Z87.1 2003 high impact requirements and CSA Z94.3 standards for eye and face protection. These components provide coverage that extends to the top of the head when used with compatible headgear. The design is extremely lightweight and incorporates easily adjustable headgear to help obtain a stable fit. The combination is intended to support all day wear with consistent protection.

Protective shield with extended coverage provides top of head protection in addition to frontal face coverage. It is designed to be extremely lightweight and uses easily adjustable headgear for straightforward fit adjustment. The configuration is intended to support comfortable use over extended periods.

Paint and body combination respirator kit is designed so that a single mask can be used for both painting and body work applications. The kit includes filters with a NIOSH approved P100 rating, providing 99.97 percent filter efficiency against solid and liquid aerosols, including oil based aerosols, within the rating limits. The head strap is designed to be easy to adjust and to improve comfort. A soft silicone nosepiece is included to improve facial seal and reduce pressure points. 

Replaceable facepieces and cartridges are low profile, designed for relatively low breathing resistance, and are durable and adjustable. The facepiece is intended to provide a tight fit when properly donned. The filters and cartridges offer relief from certain organic vapors, acid gases, and hydrogen chloride odors, within their rated capacities. Each kit typically contains one silicone rubber half mask, one pair of P100 filters with organic vapor and acid gas cartridges, two pairs of P95 particulate filter pads, and one pair of filter retainers.

General purpose dust mask is designed to allow clear vision and relatively easy breathing while providing basic protection against nuisance dusts. It is lightweight, maintenance free, and disposable. The mask is intended for use with pollen, dust, and other non toxic materials where only minimal filtration is required.

Disposable face masks provide three layer construction with built in earloops to hold the mask in place. These masks are used to help reduce the spread of respiratory droplets and thereby assist in reducing transmission of influenza and other respiratory diseases. They are intended to provide basic source control and limited personal protection when used correctly as part of broader hygiene and safety practices.

Washable cloth face masks consist of a soft, breathable, single ply fabric blend containing approximately 95 percent cotton and spandex, with a feel similar to a T shirt. Stretchy elastic ear loops are included to improve comfort during wear. The masks feature a contoured shape and two sets of ear holes so that they can fit a range of children and adults. They are designed to be reusable and can be washed between uses.

Lens cleaning wipes are pre moistened towelettes that are individually wrapped, with a typical count of 100 per box. They are intended for cleaning safety glasses, safety goggles, face shields, computer screens, plastics, glass, and polycarbonate surfaces. The formulation provides anti static and anti fog properties and does not contain silicone.

Alcohol disinfecting wipes contain approximately 75 percent alcohol and are intended to clean, disinfect, and deodorize hard, non porous surfaces. Typical wipe size is about 5.5 by 7.1 inches. These wipes are suited to applications where rapid disinfection of frequently touched surfaces is required, within the limitations of alcohol based products.

Mid range earmuff uses a simple height adjustment mechanism designed to accommodate a variety of head shapes. Broad foam cushions distribute pressure over a larger area to provide a secure fit with relatively low surface pressure. Individual stainless steel headband wires contribute to durability while maintaining low overall weight, with a mass of approximately 5 and 1/8 ounces. Pressure equalization air openings are included to help stabilize pressure at the eardrum. The earmuff complies with ANSI S3.19 1974 hearing protection test standards.

Ear plugs made from soft silicone are designed for easier insertion and all day comfort. A unique conical shape allows one size to fit a large majority of users. The material is non toxic and non allergenic. The plugs are reusable and can be washed with mild soap and warm water. They may be worn under winter liners when additional head coverage is required. A safety cord is included to help prevent loss and to keep the plugs together when not in use.

Soft foam ear plugs are designed as a one size fits most solution, reducing the need to carry multiple sizes. The self adjusting foam expands upon insertion into the ear canal, allowing a custom fit that conforms to a wide range of ear canal shapes. These plugs are washable and reusable, and are described as non irritating and non allergenic. They typically provide a noise reduction rating of 27 decibels when properly inserted. Each pair is sealed in a plastic bag to help maintain cleanliness prior to use.

Safety goggles with approval for occupational use incorporate an optical quality, distortion free clear polycarbonate lens. The frame is made from perforated soft vinyl to promote ventilation and reduce fogging, while maintaining coverage around the eyes. The design is intended to fit over most personal prescription glasses. These goggles are used to protect against flying particles, sparks, and splashing chemicals, and include fog resistant properties within the limits of the material.

Safety glasses meeting occupational safety criteria use a polycarbonate scratch resistant lens that provides impact and ultraviolet protection. The frame and lens are molded as a lightweight unit. Temples are designed for easy fit, and nose pads are included to increase comfort and stability. The glasses meet ANSI Z87.1 1979 standards for eye protection.

Visitor glasses are lightweight, impact resistant safety glasses that provide a wide field of vision. Soft, clear side flares are integrated to increase lateral protection for the eyes and surrounding areas. They are intended for short term or occasional use by visitors in industrial or laboratory settings.

Anti fog safety glasses use a lightweight polycarbonate lens that complies with applicable ANSI standards for impact resistance. The temples are made from nylon and incorporate a terrycloth head and temple pad for additional comfort. 

The glasses provide impact protection and have a contoured design with adjustable temple length to improve fit. A surface treatment is applied to help reduce glare and increase scratch resistance, supporting consistent visibility in varied working conditions.

Safety glasses provide increased wearer comfort through a lightweight design and impact resistant polycarbonate lenses. The lenses are treated to reduce fogging and resist scratches, and the optical design offers clear vision with good peripheral coverage. The lenses are replaceable, which helps maintain a clear field of vision, and the product is available in a variety of lens tints suitable for work in indoor and outdoor environments. 

The safety glasses meet ANSI Z87.1-1989 impact requirements and specified military performance requirements. They are made from a newer formulation of polycarbonate that does not contain heavy metals and is fully recyclable. The glasses meet relevant occupational safety, federal, and military specifications, as well as ANSI Z87.1 requirements for radiant energy transmission.

A safety glasses dispenser provides storage for up to 30 pairs of glasses. The dispenser is constructed of heavy duty plastic, with a hinged front and lock to secure the contents. The frame width and height are approximately 14-1/4 inches by 11 inches.

Industrial first aid kits are intended for use in industrial plants, offices, machine shops, construction sites, laboratories, service stations, auto body shops, restaurants, vehicles, public buildings, farms, and homes. They are designed to provide quick, safe, on-site treatment of common injuries. 

The contents are selected based on accident statistics so that the kits address the most frequent types of injuries. These kits can be attached to a wall or removed easily and carried to the injured person.

Department of Transportation first aid kits are designed for use in minibuses and vans and are approved for this application. The kits are supplied in metal cases suitable for demanding fleet use and are typically configured as 10 person kits. A typical kit includes 16 adhesive strips measuring 3/4 inch by 3 inches, 6 adhesive strips measuring 1 inch by 3 inches, 3 antiseptic towelettes, 4 sting relief swabs, 1 adhesive wound wipe, and 1 adhesive bandage measuring 2 inches by 4-1/2 inches. It also includes 3 gauze pads measuring 3 inches by 3 inches, 1 eye pad, 1 container of eyewash solution containing 7/8 ounce, 1 spool of adhesive tape, and 5 gauze pads measuring 4 inches.

Plastic strip bandages typically include a non stick pad and measure approximately 3/4 inch by 3 inches. They are supplied sterile.

Knuckle and fingertip bandages are shaped for application to knuckles and fingertips. Their design allows them to conform to contours and abrasions and to remain in place on fingers, arms, and similar areas.

Handyman first aid kits are compact, metal cased kits intended for general use at home, in vehicles, or in other locations. They are equipped with standard first aid components commonly used for minor injuries. A typical kit includes 16 adhesive shear strips, 5 heavy woven knuckle bandages, 5 heavy woven fingertip bandages, and 2 heavy gauge pads measuring 5 inches by 7 inches. It also includes 4 sterile gauze pads measuring 2 inches by 2 inches, 2 sterile eye pads, 1 roll of gauze, 1 roll of adhesive tape measuring 5 yards, 1 tube or packet of triple antibiotic ointment, 1 pair of sterile gloves, 1 cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) mask, and 1 first aid guide.

School bus first aid kits specified for a 16 unit configuration, such as those used in some state applications, are designed for use on school buses. A typical kit contains 8 adhesive strips measuring 1 inch by 3 inches (a 16 count package), 1 adhesive wrap measuring 2 inches by 5 yards, and 2 gauze bandages measuring 2 inches by 6 yards. It also includes 1 gauze dressing measuring 3 inches by 3 inches (often supplied as a 4 by 4 configuration), 2 gauze pads measuring 3 inches by 3 inches, 1 pair of vinyl examination gloves, and 2 sterile eye pads. 

Additional contents include 1 first aid dressing with a 4 inch compress, 1 triangular bandage, 1 antiseptic product, 1 first aid guide, 1 pair of scissors, 1 CPR mouth barrier, 1 roll of adhesive tape, 1 first aid cream, 1 burn cream, 1 cold pack, 1 package of hand wipes, 1 flexible bandage, 1 instant cold pack, and 1 heavy wound wipe.

Fabric bandages are designed to conform to the skin and stretch with movement. They include an extra soft pad for cushioning and absorption.

Adhesive pads are used for larger cuts and abrasions. They include a non stick pad to minimize disruption of the wound during removal and are supplied sterile.

Ibuprofen tablets at a dosage of 200 milligrams per tablet are available in nonprescription strength. They are indicated for the temporary relief of headaches, muscular aches, minor arthritis pain, toothaches, backaches, symptoms of the common cold, menstrual cramps, and fever. The formulation is free of aspirin, alcohol, and sugar, and the tablets are designed to be easy to swallow.

Wound sealing powder is used to stop minor external bleeding rapidly. When applied, it forms a protective seal over the wound surface. It is often recommended for individuals using blood thinning medications, although it does not replace a bandage and is intended as a supplemental measure. 

The powder is non staining and biodegradable. Product sizes commonly include packages with 2 applications and 4 applications, with larger sizes available for larger wounds. Users are instructed to read all directions carefully.

Gauze pads measuring approximately 3 inches by 3 inches are supplied sterile and are intended for use on larger wounds and burns. They provide absorption and protection of the affected area.

Antiseptic wipes are used as wound cleaners. They are formulated to help promote healing and reduce the risk of infection. Each wipe is individually packaged in a foil pouch and supplied sterile.

Eye wash solution is supplied sterile in small containers, such as 1/2 fluid ounce bottles. It is used to soothe, cleanse, and refresh the eyes in the event of minor irritation or contamination.

Antiseptic and burn ointment is supplied in single use packets, often in quantities such as 20 packets per box. It is formulated to soothe the wound, provide some pain relief, and reduce the risk of infection.

Emergency eye and skin flush stations are designed for rapid response to eye or skin exposure incidents. These are dual function wall mounted units that can be used for both eye and skin accidents. They contain sterile flushing solution intended to provide immediate relief. The mounting stations are highly visible and may be installed using screws or double sided tape.

First aid kit refill assortments contain a selection of frequently used items for restocking existing kits. A typical assortment contains one each of five essential items: isopropyl alcohol spray, burn spray, cut and scrape spray, hydrogen peroxide spray, and sting relief spray. The sprays are supplied in 2 ounce pump bottles that fit easily into first aid cabinets, glove compartments, drawers, or pockets.

Isopropyl alcohol spray is used to clean and sanitize minor cuts, scrapes, and abrasions. It is sprayed over the affected area and allowed to dry quickly. It is commonly supplied in a 2 ounce pump spray bottle.

Burn spray is formulated to provide quick, soothing pain relief for minor burns. It cools and soothes the affected area and dries quickly, leaving the skin without a sticky residue.

Cut and scrape spray provides temporary pain relief and helps prevent infection in minor cuts and abrasions. It is described as effective against certain drug resistant bacteria, including methicillin resistant strains. The product is a clear solution supplied in a 2 ounce pump spray bottle.

Hydrogen peroxide spray contains a 3 percent hydrogen peroxide solution. It is intended for minor cuts and abrasions and is used as an immediate treatment to cleanse the area and help prevent infection. It is typically supplied in a 2 ounce pump spray bottle.

Sting relief spray provides temporary relief from the pain and itching associated with insect bites, minor burns, scrapes, and cuts. It is formulated to act quickly and dries almost instantly. The solution is clear and is commonly packaged in a 2 ounce pump spray bottle.

Blood clotting spray is used to control blood flow from minor cuts and scrapes by forming an invisible layer over the wound. It helps keep the wound clean and provides a temporary protective barrier. It is supplied in a three ounce aerosol can.

Universal type absorbent pads are designed to absorb solvents, coolants, water, and oil based chemicals. They are typically used around machinery and equipment for routine maintenance, especially in areas where daily leakage and drips occur.

Petroleum based type absorbent pads are designed to absorb oils and other petroleum based liquids and do not absorb water based chemicals. They are suited for locations where oil spills or leaks are present and are resistant to wear and tearing. They are used for emergency clean-up in aqueous environments where petroleum contamination is present.

Dispenser box sock pad roll products can be used directly from the box as a sock, pad, roll, or pillow. The product usually consists of a fifty inch length of eighteen inch wide high absorbent core material that is folded and tacked to form a four inch thick strip, perforated every sixteen inches. It can be carried to the job site or stored in a vehicle.

Bonded drum top pads are used to keep fifty five gallon drums clean and orderly. They are strong enough to withstand fluid leaks from pumps and dispenser cans. These pads absorb oil, coolants, and water based liquids that leak from pump tops and dispenser containers, and are suitable for drums stored outdoors.

Sorbent rolls are constructed from a single layer of high absorbent polypropylene fibers that quickly absorb liquids and are bonded together for high lint control. They are used for industrial maintenance applications as a universal absorbent to clean up various liquids. They are suitable for wiping, cleaning, and mopping up spills.

All purpose sorbent is an all natural, one hundred percent organic absorbent material. It is a universal, non hazardous, and non toxic absorbent that is dust free and biodegradable. It is used on oil, grease, water, and other liquids, and is designed to allow quick clean up without leaving a slippery residue. It is easy to apply and is safe for use around people, plants, and animals. It is commonly used by emergency response crews and complies with applicable environmental and occupational safety requirements.

Spill clean up kits recommended for bodily fluids typically contain one bottle of absorbent powder of approximately two ounces, one hard surface disinfectant cloth approved by the appropriate regulatory agency, one scoop and scraper, one pickup towel, one biohazardous waste bag, one pair of non latex gloves, and one set of written directions. Directions for use are usually printed on the back panel of the box.

Emergency spill kits are used in areas where there is a risk of hazardous material release and are often required by occupational and transportation regulations. Training in relevant hazardous materials procedures is typically required to ensure that employees can respond safely. 

A typical kit includes three sorbent pads, one sorbent sock, one pair of neoprene gloves, one pair of splash goggles, one disposal bag, and one waste bag tie. These kits are intended for response to oil, paint, and water based spills and are used with equipment, vehicle seats, loading docks, drums, processing drains, tanks, storage areas, and similar locations. 

The container is designed to be portable, easy to store, and filled with highly absorbent materials for managing spills and leaks. In the event of an accident on a public roadway, vehicles transporting hazardous materials such as oil, fuel, or paint are expected to carry such a kit for immediate response while awaiting specialized hazardous materials teams. The kit is sized so that it can be stored in vehicles that transport fuel.

Grip renewal products are used to add a grip surface to tools or handles. They provide a comfortable, non slip gripping surface made from durable material. Installation does not require gluing or heating; the user slides the product into place, then pulls a tab so that the grip shrinks around the object.

Pre contact towelettes are topical products used to help prevent skin reactions from poison oak or poison ivy. These individually wrapped towelettes are applied to the skin before outdoor work to form a temporary barrier. They are disposable, formulated for sensitive skin, and commonly packaged in dispenser boxes containing twenty five towelettes.

Signs in this category are printed plates or panels, typically sized seven inches by seven inches, that display a “no smoking” message. They are used to indicate smoking restrictions in designated areas.

Insect repellent bracelets are wearable devices designed to repel mosquitoes, flies, gnats, fleas, ticks, head lice, and similar insects. They use a non toxic active ingredient such as geraniol and are designed to be waterproof, leave no residue, and avoid staining clothing. These bracelets are exempt from certain regulatory requirements, are intended for repeated or extended use without frequent reapplication, and may provide protection for up to one hundred twenty hours under typical conditions.

Emergency seat belt knives are small, lightweight cutting tools designed to be kept within easy reach inside vehicles. They typically use a specialized blade shape that enhances visibility and control while cutting seat belts. The design is intended to reduce the risk of accidental injury when used as a rescue tool.

Seat belts for industrial or commercial vehicles generally use a quick release two inch wide belt with a steel latch, sewn ends, and suitable mounting hardware for buses, trucks, and vans. They are of heavy duty construction, often supplied in black, and may include ninety degree mounting brackets for installation.

Safety cones that are approved by transportation authorities are used to form traffic lanes and to protect workers and crews operating near roads. They are designed for high visibility and impact resistance and typically have a height of eighteen inches.

Safety lockout hasps are devices used to keep equipment inoperative while repairs or maintenance are performed. A typical hasp has a seven eighths inch diameter lockout opening for attachment to an energy disconnect device and is approximately four inches long, made of chrome plated steel with a steel loop. 

The control cannot be turned on until the last worker’s padlock is removed. The hasp body is insulated with brightly colored molded plastic and accepts multiple padlocks to provide several lockout points for different workers. It is constructed from heavy gauge steel to resist damage.

Fluorescent mesh safety flags are mounted on a staff approximately three quarters of an inch in diameter and twenty seven inches long. The flags are typically eighteen inches by eighteen inches and made of strong fluorescent vinyl mesh material, heat sealed on two edges with open mesh to allow air release. They are used to mark or secure items so they remain visible and to reduce whipping, cracking, peeling, or fraying of the flag material in use.